NEW SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK TOPIC
1. Revision of last term’s work. Origin of Man; Myth & Legends; Evolution Theory; Races & Racism.
2. National Economy: (a) Meaning of National Economy. (b) Examples of economic activities: (i) Trading (ii) manufacturing (iii) farming (iv)Fishing etc.
3. Nature of the Nigerian Economy: (a) The nature of the Nigerian Economy: (i) Mono-Product. (ii) import oriented. (b) Advantages and disadvantages of types of economy. (c) the need for a diversification of the economy.
4. Economic Reform Measures in Nigeria – Privatization, commercialization and deregulation: Meaning of Privatization, commercialization and deregulation
(b) Reasons for Privatization, Commercialization and deregulation
5. Sectors of the Nigerian Economy: (a) Meaning of a sector of an economy. (b) Sectors of the Nigerian Economy: Public and Private sector e.g. agriculture, mining, finance, industrial, education, etc.
6. Economic Reform Measures in Nigeria- Privatization, Commercialization and deregulation: (c) Advantages and Disadvantages of Privatization (d) problems associated with privatization, commercialization and deregulation- (i) Lack of awareness caused by illiteracy. (ii) Poverty (people cannot buy shares because they are poor), etc.
7. Economic institutions: Examples of Economic Institution- banks, insurance companies etc.), the roles of economic institutions in Nigerians economy.
8. World transportation system: types of transportation (road, water and air transport). Differentiate between the transportation systems.
9. World transportation system: advantages of each transport system and impact of Science and technology on world transport systems.
10. Socialization; meaning, socialization processes, agents of socialization; community, Social Stratification e.t.c.
11. Resources and Factors of Production; Economic Sectors
12. Contribution of Agriculture to the National Economy
13. National Economic Life: Natural Resources; Industries in nigeria.
12. Revision.
2ND TERM
WEEK 1
LESSON 1
MAIN TOPIC: ORIGIN OF MAN.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MYTHS AND LEGENDS.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al. Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define human beings.
2. narrate some myths and legends.
CONTENTS:
ORIGIN OF MAN.
A human being is both a biological and cultural being. He or She is a mammal and belong to the animal kingdom. Human beings have developed culture as a means of living in their society and of adapting to, and exploiting their environments.
There are three main ways of explaining the origin of human beings. These ways are
1. Myths and legends.
2. Scientific (Evolution) version
3. Religious beliefs.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
Many people believe the religious version of the origin of man. Both the Holy Quran and the Holy Bible agree that God created Adam, the first man and Eve (his wife). According to the Holy Bible in the book of Genesis 1. Verse 26.He created Adam in His own image and gave him dominion over all other creatures so also is The Holy Quran.
The African traditional religion also said that a supernatural being (God) created man and put him in the world. He also created other lesser gods who serve as His servant. These lesser gods later departed to heavens and become intermediaries between man and God.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. What are human beings?
2. Explain the myths and legends of the Yorubas and Tivs.
https://youtu.be/11hJal7qAtU
LESSON 2
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MYTHS AND LEGENDS.
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies For JSS, by Ogunwale A., Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. explain the meaning of myths and legends
2. list some of the myths and legends in the world.
CONTENTS:
MYTHS AND LEGENDS.
Myths means the ancient stories about what has happened in the past as handed down from generation to generation by words of mouth.
Legends means the stories of the past heroes and heroines who have made a landmark in their communities. However, every society has local stories about the creation of man and world.
THE LEGEND OF THE YORUBAS
The Yoruba people call God in various names like Olorun (the owner of heaven, Eleda (the creator), Olodumare e.t.c. They also believe that life started from Ile-Ife. According to the legend, Olodumare and Obatala also known as Orisa nla to create the earth.
Olodumare also gave Orisa nla some materials from which he was to create the earth. The materials include a snail shell full of sand, a palm fruit and a chicken with five toes.
On his way, Orisa nla attended a party, got drunk and slept off. Then Oduduwa his younger brother collected the materials and took over the assignment. He threw the sand in the snail shell into the water that covered the whole world and allowed the chicken to spread it all over the world. That was how the earth was created.
When Orisa nla woke up, he was very angry with Oduduwa who had then become the ruler over the earth he created. Olodumare then gave Orisa nla another power to create human beings. Thus, Orisa nla became the creator of man while Oduduwa became the king of Ife Ooye (the origin)
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. What is myth and legend?
2. Explain the myths of the Greeks and the Chinese.
https://youtu.be/a-wlwq2lPl0
LESSON 3
MAIN TOPIC: ORIGIN OF MAN.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al. Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. narrate the myths and legends of the following: Greek and Chinese.
CONTENTS:
THE LEGEND OF THE GREEK.
According to the Greek myth, Prometheus, the Titan god was sent to create a race of man. He made man out of clay, while the Greek god, Zeus breathed life into them. Prometheus came and lived among these people. He taught them how to fetch their own food.
THE LEGEND OF THE TIVS.
The Tiv people live in Benue state of Nigeria. They believe that the first man to live on earth was Takurudu. He was the junior brother of the sky god called A'Ondo. A'Ondo gave Takurudu seeds to sow and taught him how to make hoe and farm. He also promised to send rain to water Takurudu's crops on request.
According to the legend, Takurudu had two sons, Ipusu and Ichongo. They founded the two major Tiv clans of today. It was from these two clans that all the people of the world originated from, and dispersed to where we find them today.
CHINESE LEGEND.
Chinese myths and legends refers to the first person who emerged on earth as P'anku. He was as big as four ordinary people put together. He had a stone axe or hammer and chisel with which he separated heaven from the earth. He carved out places in the heavens for the sun, moon, and stars, and dug out valleys and made mountains on earth.
This work is said to have taken P'anku 1800 years to accomplish. When he died, his remains formed five mountains in China; his breath became the wind, his voice became thunder, his bones became metals. Lastly, the insects which stuck to his body became human beings!
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. Explain in brief the legend of the Greek.
2. Narrate in brief the myths and legends of P'anku.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
At home ask your parent to tell you about a myth and legend on creation of the earth and write a page account of it.
further studies
http://myths.e2bn.org/mythsandlegends/
http://www.greekmythology.com/
http://www.godchecker.com/pantheon/greek-mythology.php
http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/Mythology/
http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/grec ... egends.htm
LESSON 4
SPECIFIC TOPIC: EVOLUTION THEORY.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. explain the meaning of evolution.
2.list the stages of evolution of man.
CONTENTS:
EVOLUTION.
The scientific explanation of the origin of human beings can be traced to the EVOLUTION evidence. Evolution is the development from simple to complex living forms. This means that man evolve from single/ simple cell to multi cellular organism.
With this biological equation, man shared many characteristics with some of these other organisms e.g. man and gorilla and chimpanzee.
The stages of evolution of man are as follow:
1. A human being is an animal belonging to the animal kingdom.
2. That human beings belong to multi cellular animal kingdom and not one called animals.
3. That man belongs to the vertebrate where the nervous systems run.
4. Man is also a mammal among the vertebrates. Mammals also have glands to suckle their young ones.
5. Human beings belong to the primate in order, so also
6. Man also belongs to the 'Homo' group i.e. Homosapiens.
Through this evolution theory, one can see that human beings have passed through million of years before evolving to the present stage. With the development therefore, man has developed a well versed brain and nervous system than any other. This theory is postulated by CHARLES DARWIN.
EVIDENCE OF FIRST MAN EVOLVING FROM AFRICA.
L.S.D.Leakey while working in Kenya as an archeologist discovered the oldest fossil ever ion the earth, meaning that the earliest man evolved from African about forty to fifty million years ago. This period is referred to in geological time table as OLIGOCENE period.
Leakey called the fossil found as KENYALOPITUS WICKERI. This was in the year 1963, and said the age of the fossil is about twelve and fifteen million years.
EVALUATION:
1. What is evolution?
2. explain the stages of evolution of man.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
Write short note on Charles Darwin.
LESSON 5
SPECIFIC TOPIC: UNIQUENESS OF MAN
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies For JSS, by Ogunwale A.,
Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. discuss the uniqueness of man.
2. explain the universality of man.
CONTENTS:
UNIQUENESS OF MAN.
Human beings have some characteristics that make them different from other animals, these are:
1. Larger and more complex brain than any other animals.
2. Man stands erect which no other animals do.
3. The pelvic is broader, though shallower than that of other animals.
4. The hands of man are not fully meant to support walking but to assist in picking things or handle things.
5. Man cannot hear some of the sound waves which a dog or mouse can hear.
6. Only man is the animal with culture in complex form.
7. Human beings adapt to and control any environment they are found.
8. Human beings develop tools for their use either to provide food or shelter.
UNIVERSALITY OF MAN
Man is found everywhere on the planet called earth, this is because man can adapt to any environment they found themselves.
The environment has had a lot of effects on man also in terms of culture, behavior, physique. Man is the only animal on earth that has different types of culture no matter how close the tribes may be to each other, their culture is always different.
In an environment or area no matter how small it may be no two individuals are exactly the same. Although, they may have many characteristics in common.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK::
1. Explain in full the uniqueness of man.
2. List some facts that made you believe in universality of man.
LESSON 6
SPECIFIC TOPIC: RACES.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define races.
2. list and explain the classification of races.
CONTENTS:
RACES.
A race is a group of people that have common origin, similar physical appearance e.g. skin colour, facial details, shape of head, body and other similar peculiarities. Races can also be referred to as biological divisions of human beings with common, well marked physical characteristics.
CLASSIFICATION OF RACES.
Certain factors are use to classify races in the world, this include language, religion and other cultural peculiarities. It also uses skin, colour, hair and other major physical features. The major races are:
1. BLACK: found in Africa and other areas where blacks are found.
2. CAUCASOID. They are long-headed, wavy hair, brown to light complexion, narrow nosed. These people include the long headed people of Europe, North Africa, Western and Southern Asia.
3. AUSTRALASIAN. They have wooly hair, dark complexion, long headed and flat nosed. They are original inhabitant of Australia and Southern Asia.
4. MONGOLOID. They are broad headed, have straight hair, yellow or red complexion, noses of various types. They are the Chinese and the Americans.
RACISM.
This is the belief that one race is superior to another race. When a race is discriminated against and subjected to torture, we are talking about racism. A racist is biased and prejudiced. A racist discriminates against anyone who has a different skin colour or speaks a different language apart from his own.
Racism led to the institutionalization of apartheid in South Africa and introduced by whites in South Africa. This policy was shattered in 1991 with the release of Nelson Mandela from prison.
Racism is a product of prejudice, it is cruel and wicked and it is <crime against humanity.
EVALUATION/CLASSWORK:
1. Define the term 'race'.
2. Explain briefly the classification of races in the world.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
Write short note on the following races: Amerindians, Micronesians, Melanesians, Pygmies, Hottentots, The Aborigines and the Eskimos.
MAIN TOPIC: ORIGIN OF MAN.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MYTHS AND LEGENDS.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al. Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define human beings.
2. narrate some myths and legends.
CONTENTS:
ORIGIN OF MAN.
A human being is both a biological and cultural being. He or She is a mammal and belong to the animal kingdom. Human beings have developed culture as a means of living in their society and of adapting to, and exploiting their environments.
There are three main ways of explaining the origin of human beings. These ways are
1. Myths and legends.
2. Scientific (Evolution) version
3. Religious beliefs.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
Many people believe the religious version of the origin of man. Both the Holy Quran and the Holy Bible agree that God created Adam, the first man and Eve (his wife). According to the Holy Bible in the book of Genesis 1. Verse 26.He created Adam in His own image and gave him dominion over all other creatures so also is The Holy Quran.
The African traditional religion also said that a supernatural being (God) created man and put him in the world. He also created other lesser gods who serve as His servant. These lesser gods later departed to heavens and become intermediaries between man and God.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. What are human beings?
2. Explain the myths and legends of the Yorubas and Tivs.
https://youtu.be/11hJal7qAtU
LESSON 2
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MYTHS AND LEGENDS.
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies For JSS, by Ogunwale A., Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. explain the meaning of myths and legends
2. list some of the myths and legends in the world.
CONTENTS:
MYTHS AND LEGENDS.
Myths means the ancient stories about what has happened in the past as handed down from generation to generation by words of mouth.
Legends means the stories of the past heroes and heroines who have made a landmark in their communities. However, every society has local stories about the creation of man and world.
THE LEGEND OF THE YORUBAS
The Yoruba people call God in various names like Olorun (the owner of heaven, Eleda (the creator), Olodumare e.t.c. They also believe that life started from Ile-Ife. According to the legend, Olodumare and Obatala also known as Orisa nla to create the earth.
Olodumare also gave Orisa nla some materials from which he was to create the earth. The materials include a snail shell full of sand, a palm fruit and a chicken with five toes.
On his way, Orisa nla attended a party, got drunk and slept off. Then Oduduwa his younger brother collected the materials and took over the assignment. He threw the sand in the snail shell into the water that covered the whole world and allowed the chicken to spread it all over the world. That was how the earth was created.
When Orisa nla woke up, he was very angry with Oduduwa who had then become the ruler over the earth he created. Olodumare then gave Orisa nla another power to create human beings. Thus, Orisa nla became the creator of man while Oduduwa became the king of Ife Ooye (the origin)
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. What is myth and legend?
2. Explain the myths of the Greeks and the Chinese.
https://youtu.be/a-wlwq2lPl0
LESSON 3
MAIN TOPIC: ORIGIN OF MAN.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al. Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. narrate the myths and legends of the following: Greek and Chinese.
CONTENTS:
THE LEGEND OF THE GREEK.
According to the Greek myth, Prometheus, the Titan god was sent to create a race of man. He made man out of clay, while the Greek god, Zeus breathed life into them. Prometheus came and lived among these people. He taught them how to fetch their own food.
THE LEGEND OF THE TIVS.
The Tiv people live in Benue state of Nigeria. They believe that the first man to live on earth was Takurudu. He was the junior brother of the sky god called A'Ondo. A'Ondo gave Takurudu seeds to sow and taught him how to make hoe and farm. He also promised to send rain to water Takurudu's crops on request.
According to the legend, Takurudu had two sons, Ipusu and Ichongo. They founded the two major Tiv clans of today. It was from these two clans that all the people of the world originated from, and dispersed to where we find them today.
CHINESE LEGEND.
Chinese myths and legends refers to the first person who emerged on earth as P'anku. He was as big as four ordinary people put together. He had a stone axe or hammer and chisel with which he separated heaven from the earth. He carved out places in the heavens for the sun, moon, and stars, and dug out valleys and made mountains on earth.
This work is said to have taken P'anku 1800 years to accomplish. When he died, his remains formed five mountains in China; his breath became the wind, his voice became thunder, his bones became metals. Lastly, the insects which stuck to his body became human beings!
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. Explain in brief the legend of the Greek.
2. Narrate in brief the myths and legends of P'anku.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
At home ask your parent to tell you about a myth and legend on creation of the earth and write a page account of it.
further studies
http://myths.e2bn.org/mythsandlegends/
http://www.greekmythology.com/
http://www.godchecker.com/pantheon/greek-mythology.php
http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/Mythology/
http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/grec ... egends.htm
LESSON 4
SPECIFIC TOPIC: EVOLUTION THEORY.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. explain the meaning of evolution.
2.list the stages of evolution of man.
CONTENTS:
EVOLUTION.
The scientific explanation of the origin of human beings can be traced to the EVOLUTION evidence. Evolution is the development from simple to complex living forms. This means that man evolve from single/ simple cell to multi cellular organism.
With this biological equation, man shared many characteristics with some of these other organisms e.g. man and gorilla and chimpanzee.
The stages of evolution of man are as follow:
1. A human being is an animal belonging to the animal kingdom.
2. That human beings belong to multi cellular animal kingdom and not one called animals.
3. That man belongs to the vertebrate where the nervous systems run.
4. Man is also a mammal among the vertebrates. Mammals also have glands to suckle their young ones.
5. Human beings belong to the primate in order, so also
6. Man also belongs to the 'Homo' group i.e. Homosapiens.
Through this evolution theory, one can see that human beings have passed through million of years before evolving to the present stage. With the development therefore, man has developed a well versed brain and nervous system than any other. This theory is postulated by CHARLES DARWIN.
EVIDENCE OF FIRST MAN EVOLVING FROM AFRICA.
L.S.D.Leakey while working in Kenya as an archeologist discovered the oldest fossil ever ion the earth, meaning that the earliest man evolved from African about forty to fifty million years ago. This period is referred to in geological time table as OLIGOCENE period.
Leakey called the fossil found as KENYALOPITUS WICKERI. This was in the year 1963, and said the age of the fossil is about twelve and fifteen million years.
EVALUATION:
1. What is evolution?
2. explain the stages of evolution of man.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
Write short note on Charles Darwin.
LESSON 5
SPECIFIC TOPIC: UNIQUENESS OF MAN
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies For JSS, by Ogunwale A.,
Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. discuss the uniqueness of man.
2. explain the universality of man.
CONTENTS:
UNIQUENESS OF MAN.
Human beings have some characteristics that make them different from other animals, these are:
1. Larger and more complex brain than any other animals.
2. Man stands erect which no other animals do.
3. The pelvic is broader, though shallower than that of other animals.
4. The hands of man are not fully meant to support walking but to assist in picking things or handle things.
5. Man cannot hear some of the sound waves which a dog or mouse can hear.
6. Only man is the animal with culture in complex form.
7. Human beings adapt to and control any environment they are found.
8. Human beings develop tools for their use either to provide food or shelter.
UNIVERSALITY OF MAN
Man is found everywhere on the planet called earth, this is because man can adapt to any environment they found themselves.
The environment has had a lot of effects on man also in terms of culture, behavior, physique. Man is the only animal on earth that has different types of culture no matter how close the tribes may be to each other, their culture is always different.
In an environment or area no matter how small it may be no two individuals are exactly the same. Although, they may have many characteristics in common.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK::
1. Explain in full the uniqueness of man.
2. List some facts that made you believe in universality of man.
LESSON 6
SPECIFIC TOPIC: RACES.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define races.
2. list and explain the classification of races.
CONTENTS:
RACES.
A race is a group of people that have common origin, similar physical appearance e.g. skin colour, facial details, shape of head, body and other similar peculiarities. Races can also be referred to as biological divisions of human beings with common, well marked physical characteristics.
CLASSIFICATION OF RACES.
Certain factors are use to classify races in the world, this include language, religion and other cultural peculiarities. It also uses skin, colour, hair and other major physical features. The major races are:
1. BLACK: found in Africa and other areas where blacks are found.
2. CAUCASOID. They are long-headed, wavy hair, brown to light complexion, narrow nosed. These people include the long headed people of Europe, North Africa, Western and Southern Asia.
3. AUSTRALASIAN. They have wooly hair, dark complexion, long headed and flat nosed. They are original inhabitant of Australia and Southern Asia.
4. MONGOLOID. They are broad headed, have straight hair, yellow or red complexion, noses of various types. They are the Chinese and the Americans.
RACISM.
This is the belief that one race is superior to another race. When a race is discriminated against and subjected to torture, we are talking about racism. A racist is biased and prejudiced. A racist discriminates against anyone who has a different skin colour or speaks a different language apart from his own.
Racism led to the institutionalization of apartheid in South Africa and introduced by whites in South Africa. This policy was shattered in 1991 with the release of Nelson Mandela from prison.
Racism is a product of prejudice, it is cruel and wicked and it is <crime against humanity.
EVALUATION/CLASSWORK:
1. Define the term 'race'.
2. Explain briefly the classification of races in the world.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
Write short note on the following races: Amerindians, Micronesians, Melanesians, Pygmies, Hottentots, The Aborigines and the Eskimos.
WEEK 2
LESSON 7
TOPIC: NATIONAL ECONOMY
CONTENT: 1. Meaning of National Economy
2. Examples of economic activities
MEANING OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
National economy describes how the country’s wealth is produced and utilized. It refers to the goods and services which a country is able to produce at any given time using all the Natural, Human and Capital resources available to it. Simply put, it is all activities that relate to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a country. Also, It can mean the management and use of resources or wealth of a nation.
The economic life of a nation is determined by the physical environment and the human and material resources available.
The Natural Resources are the free gift of nature. They are those resources that the nature has endowed a country that are used in the production of goods and services. Human Resources refer to the skill and qualities of people available and ready to work within the economy. The human resources constitute the majority of the country’s labour force both skilled and unskilled. Capital resources are those things made by human beings to make the production of goods and services easy.
HARVESTING PEANUTS (GROUNDNUTS) FROM NORTHERN NIGERIA.
NIGERIAN FARMING VILLAGE
TEXTILE ART IN OSHOGBO.
DRYING COCOA BEANS
OIL STORAGE TANKS, NIGERIA
TIN MINING IN NIGERIA.
FISHING NEAR THE NIGER DELTA TOWN OF BRASS WHICH IS SITUATED ON THE GULF OF GUINEA.
Evaluation:
1. (a) .Define national economy.
LESSON 8
EXAMPLES OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Examples of economic activities that are undertaken in the production of national economy include:
1. Trading 2. Farming 3. Mining 4. Banking 5. Manufacturing 6. Fishing
7. Forestry 8. Teaching 9. Driving 10. Quarrying 11. Building and construction.
12. Processing 13. Transportation and communication 14. Insurance 15. Forestry
16. Security 17. Research etc.
TRADING
This is the act of buying and selling of goods and services to sustain the economic life of a nation. Trade can be classified into two: Home trade and foreign or international trade
Home Trade is the act of buying and selling of goods and services within a geographical area of a nation.
International Trade or foreign trade is the process of buying and selling of goods and services between two or more or more countries. It is divided into import and export.
FARMING
Farming involves cultivation of crops and rearing of animals for man’s use. We get food crops, cash crops as well as livestock through farming. A good number of Nigerians are farmers. Farming was Nigeria mainstay of the economy before crude oil was discovered.
Food crops like yam, beans, cassava, rice, cocoyam etc. and cash crops like cotton, cocoa, groundnut, rubber etc. are made available through farming.
MINING
Mining deals with evacuation or extraction of meaning resources from the soil. Examples of mineral resources are gold, tin, petroleum, limestone, iron-ore, coal, etc. these mineral resources are major export commodities for Nigeria and as well provide raw materials for our industries.
MANUFACTURING
This is the application of man-made tools (machineries) to produce food items and industrial goods. It is carried out in factories and is a major source of employment in industrial societies. To manufacture means to make or produce goods, especially in large quantities, machines. Manufacturing is carried out where there are raw materials.
Most manufacturing enterprises in Nigeria are located mainly in the state capitals and in big cities. Examples are Lagos (Apapa, Ikeja) Ibadan, Kano, Kaduna, Zaria, Jos, Aba, Onitsha, Shagamu, Ijebu-Ode, Ondo, Makurdi, Warri and Port Harcourt.
FISHING
This is the catching and gathering of fish and other aquatic animals from rivers and seas. It is the occupation or major economic activity of people who live around the riverine areas. Fish as a source of protein is richer than meat. Nowadays, supply of fish by natural water has not been meeting man’s high demand for fish. So, fish farming in artificial waters like ponds, is now extensively practiced to supplement natural supply.
Evaluation:
Objective Test:
1. An institution which deals with the production and distribution of goods and services is ------------
a. Political institution b. Religious institution c. Legal institution
d. Economic institution
2. ------------- refers to the skill and qualities of people available and ready to work
Within the economy.
a. Human resources b. Natural resources c. Capital resources d. Earthly resources
2. Those things made by human beings to make the production of goods and services easy are known as -------------
a. Earthly resources b. Capital resources c. Natural resources d. Human resources
3. The economic life of a nation is determined by the physical environment, the human and material resources available. Yes or no?
4. Those resources that the nature has endowed a country that are used in production of goods and services are called ------------
a. Natural resources b. Human resources c. Earthly resources d. Capital resources
5. ------------- is the act of buying and selling of goods and services to sustain the economic life of a nation.
a. Mining b. Trading c. Manufacturing d. Fishing
6. --------- is the mainstay of Nigeria economy before she discovered crude oil in the late 1950’s
a. Mining b. Farming c. Manufacturing d. Fishing
7. The Nigeria major mineral resources that provides the highest foreign exchange earnings is the ------------
a. Crude oil (petroleum) b. Iron-ore c. Coal d. Gold
8. ---------------- is a major source of employment in industrial societies
a. Babies factories b. Manufacturing factories c. farming factories d. mining factories
9. In our world today, farming in artificial waters like pond is necessary because
a. Supply of fish by natural water has not been meeting man’s high demand for fish b. without it, fish will not be available for public consumption
c. Fish farming in natural waters is dangerous for fisher men
d. Artificial waters produce more fishes than natural waters
Essay Test:
1. Write short notes on the following national economic activities
i. Trading
ii. Manufacturing
iii. Farming
iv. Fishing
2. Explain the following economic terms shortly:
i. Natural resources
ii. Human resources
iii. Capital resources
TOPIC: NATIONAL ECONOMY
CONTENT: 1. Meaning of National Economy
2. Examples of economic activities
MEANING OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
National economy describes how the country’s wealth is produced and utilized. It refers to the goods and services which a country is able to produce at any given time using all the Natural, Human and Capital resources available to it. Simply put, it is all activities that relate to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a country. Also, It can mean the management and use of resources or wealth of a nation.
The economic life of a nation is determined by the physical environment and the human and material resources available.
The Natural Resources are the free gift of nature. They are those resources that the nature has endowed a country that are used in the production of goods and services. Human Resources refer to the skill and qualities of people available and ready to work within the economy. The human resources constitute the majority of the country’s labour force both skilled and unskilled. Capital resources are those things made by human beings to make the production of goods and services easy.
HARVESTING PEANUTS (GROUNDNUTS) FROM NORTHERN NIGERIA.
NIGERIAN FARMING VILLAGE
TEXTILE ART IN OSHOGBO.
DRYING COCOA BEANS
OIL STORAGE TANKS, NIGERIA
TIN MINING IN NIGERIA.
FISHING NEAR THE NIGER DELTA TOWN OF BRASS WHICH IS SITUATED ON THE GULF OF GUINEA.
Evaluation:
1. (a) .Define national economy.
LESSON 8
EXAMPLES OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Examples of economic activities that are undertaken in the production of national economy include:
1. Trading 2. Farming 3. Mining 4. Banking 5. Manufacturing 6. Fishing
7. Forestry 8. Teaching 9. Driving 10. Quarrying 11. Building and construction.
12. Processing 13. Transportation and communication 14. Insurance 15. Forestry
16. Security 17. Research etc.
TRADING
This is the act of buying and selling of goods and services to sustain the economic life of a nation. Trade can be classified into two: Home trade and foreign or international trade
Home Trade is the act of buying and selling of goods and services within a geographical area of a nation.
International Trade or foreign trade is the process of buying and selling of goods and services between two or more or more countries. It is divided into import and export.
FARMING
Farming involves cultivation of crops and rearing of animals for man’s use. We get food crops, cash crops as well as livestock through farming. A good number of Nigerians are farmers. Farming was Nigeria mainstay of the economy before crude oil was discovered.
Food crops like yam, beans, cassava, rice, cocoyam etc. and cash crops like cotton, cocoa, groundnut, rubber etc. are made available through farming.
MINING
Mining deals with evacuation or extraction of meaning resources from the soil. Examples of mineral resources are gold, tin, petroleum, limestone, iron-ore, coal, etc. these mineral resources are major export commodities for Nigeria and as well provide raw materials for our industries.
MANUFACTURING
This is the application of man-made tools (machineries) to produce food items and industrial goods. It is carried out in factories and is a major source of employment in industrial societies. To manufacture means to make or produce goods, especially in large quantities, machines. Manufacturing is carried out where there are raw materials.
Most manufacturing enterprises in Nigeria are located mainly in the state capitals and in big cities. Examples are Lagos (Apapa, Ikeja) Ibadan, Kano, Kaduna, Zaria, Jos, Aba, Onitsha, Shagamu, Ijebu-Ode, Ondo, Makurdi, Warri and Port Harcourt.
FISHING
This is the catching and gathering of fish and other aquatic animals from rivers and seas. It is the occupation or major economic activity of people who live around the riverine areas. Fish as a source of protein is richer than meat. Nowadays, supply of fish by natural water has not been meeting man’s high demand for fish. So, fish farming in artificial waters like ponds, is now extensively practiced to supplement natural supply.
Evaluation:
Objective Test:
1. An institution which deals with the production and distribution of goods and services is ------------
a. Political institution b. Religious institution c. Legal institution
d. Economic institution
2. ------------- refers to the skill and qualities of people available and ready to work
Within the economy.
a. Human resources b. Natural resources c. Capital resources d. Earthly resources
2. Those things made by human beings to make the production of goods and services easy are known as -------------
a. Earthly resources b. Capital resources c. Natural resources d. Human resources
3. The economic life of a nation is determined by the physical environment, the human and material resources available. Yes or no?
4. Those resources that the nature has endowed a country that are used in production of goods and services are called ------------
a. Natural resources b. Human resources c. Earthly resources d. Capital resources
5. ------------- is the act of buying and selling of goods and services to sustain the economic life of a nation.
a. Mining b. Trading c. Manufacturing d. Fishing
6. --------- is the mainstay of Nigeria economy before she discovered crude oil in the late 1950’s
a. Mining b. Farming c. Manufacturing d. Fishing
7. The Nigeria major mineral resources that provides the highest foreign exchange earnings is the ------------
a. Crude oil (petroleum) b. Iron-ore c. Coal d. Gold
8. ---------------- is a major source of employment in industrial societies
a. Babies factories b. Manufacturing factories c. farming factories d. mining factories
9. In our world today, farming in artificial waters like pond is necessary because
a. Supply of fish by natural water has not been meeting man’s high demand for fish b. without it, fish will not be available for public consumption
c. Fish farming in natural waters is dangerous for fisher men
d. Artificial waters produce more fishes than natural waters
Essay Test:
1. Write short notes on the following national economic activities
i. Trading
ii. Manufacturing
iii. Farming
iv. Fishing
2. Explain the following economic terms shortly:
i. Natural resources
ii. Human resources
iii. Capital resources
WEEK 3
LESSON 9
TOPIC: NATURE OF THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
CONTENT: 1. The nature of the Nigerian economy
2. Advantages and disadvantages of types of economy
3. The need for a diversification of the economy
THE NATURE OF THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
The nature of the Nigerian economy refers to the characteristics of the Nigerian economy which reveal the two dimensions of mono-product economy and import-oriented economy. Nigeria has a dual economy with a modern segment dependent on oil earnings, overlaid by a traditional agricultural and trading economy.
At independence, Nigeria was purely an agrarian economy and thereby earned the largest percentage of her foreign exchange earnings from exportation from agriculture. The oil sector, which emerged in the 1960s and was firmly established during the 1970s is now of overwhelming importance to the point of over-dependence.
(A) MONO-PRODUCT
A mono-product economy like Nigeria depends almost entirely on one source of national production to finance her economy. In Nigeria case, her economy depends mainly on the export of crude oil and therefore is also referred to as a mono culture product economy.
Consequently, a fall or rise in the price of crude oil in the world market affects all her economic activities in the country.
(B) IMPORT ORIENTED
As a result of the neglect, weakness and failure of other sectors of the Nigerian economy i.e. depriving them to take care of the oil sector, the country imports heavily every other commodity, including food items. The implication of this is that we pay more foreign exchange for imports than we earn from exports.
ADVANTAGES OF MONO PRODUCT ECONOMY
1. A mono product economy derives its earnings from its main product. It is therefore easy to develop the main product.
DISADVANTAGES OF MONO PRODUCT ECONOMY
1 A mono product economy is unstable, an increase or decrease in the world price of the same product will affect the budget of the country.
2 A mono product economy may witness a high percentage of unemployment.
ADVANTAGES OF IMPORT ORIENTED ECONOMY ECONOMY
1. An import oriented economy weakens the foreign exchange base of the country’s currency.
2. The economy is dependent i.e. it cannot stand on its own.
3. It weakens local production of products that are imported into the country.
4. The nation while it imports finished goods may also import problems that can affect seriously its economy.
THE NEED FOR A DIVERSIFICATION OF THE ECONOMY
To diversify a nation’s economy is to expand the economic (product) base of that nation, so that it can rely on a variety of them instead of relying on only one source of income. Diversification makes it possible for a nation to have more export commodities, from which the country can generate more foreign exchange.
The need for the diversification of the Nigerian economy can be seen in the disadvantages of a mono product economy and the advantages of a diversified economy. In summary, the following are the need for diversification of an economy:
1. The need for inter sectoral dependence and balance in the economy.
2. The need for more sources of export products in order to reduce importation of goods and services that can be produced in the system.
3. Promotion of international trade that will lead to positive balance of payment.
4. The need for a dynamic economy capable of absorbing shock in the system while maintaining full employment.
5. The need for a high rate of economic growth and development
EVALUATION
1. Explain the nature of Nigerian economy
2. Explain briefly the following terms:
(a) Mono product economy
(b) Import oriented economy
3. State five reasons why the Nigerian economy should be diversified
4. Describe Nigeria’s economy as mono product and import oriented economy.
5. State the advantages and disadvantages of these types of economy.
ASSIGNMENT:
Objective Test:
1. Before independence, Nigerian economy was purely an -----------
(a) Oil sector economy (b) agrarian economy (c) Diversified economy
(d Import oriented economy.
2. Today, the bulk of Nigeria’s foreign exchange earnings come from ------------
(a) Oil exportation (b) agricultural exportation (c) exportation of other mineral resources other than crude oil (d) earnings from tourism and local artifacts
3. ----------- is the expansion of the economic (product) base of that nation, so that it can rely on a variety of them for the economic survival of the nation.
(a) Diversification of the economy (b) deregulation of the economy (c) Monetization of the economy (d) export base economy.
4. -------------- depends almost entirely on one source of national production to finance her economy.
(a) Product oriented economy (b) Mono product economy (c) Diversified economy (d) oil sector economy
5. A country that import more goods than she export to sustain her economy is said to be ------------
(a) Mono product economy (b) diversified economy (c) Import oriented (d Monetized economy
https://www.slideshare.net/earlgreytea/ ... evelopment
LESSON 10
TOPIC:ECONOMIC REFORM MEASURES IN NIGERIA
CONTENT: 1. Meaning of Economic Measures and Its Types in Nigeria:
privatization, commercialization, deregulation.
2. Reasons for the economic measures
Meaning of Economic and its Types in Nigeria: Privatization,
Commercialization and Deregulation.
Definition of economic reforms.
Economic reforms can be defined as government policies geared towards achieving economic efficiency and improvement through removal of regulations and statutory obstacles or impediments.
The aim of privatization is to bring private entrepreneur to be involved in the running of public enterprises in order to generate more funds for government businesses and revive the economy.
Types of economic reform measures in Nigeria.
1.Privatisation - this is the transfer of ownership and resources of business from the public sector ( government) to the private sector. It can also be defined as sales or contracting out of public utilities to private concerns.
Privatization comes in three forms namely:(i) share issue privatization (SIP) – this is shares selling on the stock market. (ii) voucher privatization (VP) – distribution of shares ownership to all citizens, usually free or at low price. (Iii) asset sale privatization (ASP) –selling the entire firm or part of it to a strategic investor by auction.
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5299915/
2. Commercialization - This involves operating government owned enterprises as profit making enterprise/ venture without any subvention or aid from the government.
The commercialized public enterprise is encouraged to operate to make profit and sustain their operations: in every form of commercialization be it partial or full commercialization, the enterprise involved will enjoy freedom of operation as a profit-making venture.
3. Deregulation – simply put, deregulation is the removal of certain governmental control over a sector of the economy in order to encourage free market. It is the elimination or reduction of government control over a sector of the economy in order to allow as many people as possible to participate in the running of the sector involved.
Evaluation
1. What is economic reform?
2. Mention three types of economic reform measures in Nigeria.
3. Define the following terms: privatization, commercialization and deregulation
LESSON 11
Reasons for Privatization, Commercialization, Deregulation.
Prior to the recent reforms, Nigerian public sector was under performing and imposed a significant financial drain on the treasury,: few concrete benefit, high cost of management, poor management , hidden and overt corruption, repeated losses within the public sector plagued the sector. Privatization of these state- owned businesses and deregulation of government activities in some sectors, was therefore required to:
a. improve the efficiency and productivity of the government- owned enterprises involved
b. get private entrepreneurs involved in the activities of a government- owned business / enterprise in order to get more fund to run government business.
c. stabilize the Nigerian economy
d. provide a platform for sustained economic diversification and non- oil growth
e. Curb corruption
f. reduce the financial cost of management on the federal government
g. evolve a more result- oriented and accountable management
h. revive the unstable economy of the nation
i. remove bureaucratic bottlenecks and political interference.
Evaluation:
Mention 5 reasons for economic reform measures in Nigeria.
Assignment:
1. The transfer of ownership of a business from the public sector to the private sector is known as _________
a) relinquishment ( b) private business (c) privatization (d) commercialization.
2. Reasons for economic reform measures in Nigeria include all but one of these
a) To increase productivity and availability of goods (b) to promote efficient management of the enterprises. (c) to encourage corruption (d) to remove bureaucratic bottlenecks and political interference.
3. __________ involves operating government owned enterprises as a profit-making venture. (a) commercialization
(b) commensalism (c) cooperation (d) deregulation.
4. the two forms of commercialization are __________and __________
a) privatization and deregulation
(b) partial and full commercialization
(c) capital and current commercialization
(d) government owned commercialization.
5. deregulation is ____________ (a) removal/ reduction of government
control over a sector of the economy.
(b) removal of tax and excise duties
(c) elimination of the government from national power
(d) eradication of laws against fraud.
Reading Assignment:
Pg 37- 42 Macmillan JSS social studies bk 3 by Orebanjo et-al.
TOPIC: NATURE OF THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
CONTENT: 1. The nature of the Nigerian economy
2. Advantages and disadvantages of types of economy
3. The need for a diversification of the economy
THE NATURE OF THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
The nature of the Nigerian economy refers to the characteristics of the Nigerian economy which reveal the two dimensions of mono-product economy and import-oriented economy. Nigeria has a dual economy with a modern segment dependent on oil earnings, overlaid by a traditional agricultural and trading economy.
At independence, Nigeria was purely an agrarian economy and thereby earned the largest percentage of her foreign exchange earnings from exportation from agriculture. The oil sector, which emerged in the 1960s and was firmly established during the 1970s is now of overwhelming importance to the point of over-dependence.
(A) MONO-PRODUCT
A mono-product economy like Nigeria depends almost entirely on one source of national production to finance her economy. In Nigeria case, her economy depends mainly on the export of crude oil and therefore is also referred to as a mono culture product economy.
Consequently, a fall or rise in the price of crude oil in the world market affects all her economic activities in the country.
(B) IMPORT ORIENTED
As a result of the neglect, weakness and failure of other sectors of the Nigerian economy i.e. depriving them to take care of the oil sector, the country imports heavily every other commodity, including food items. The implication of this is that we pay more foreign exchange for imports than we earn from exports.
ADVANTAGES OF MONO PRODUCT ECONOMY
1. A mono product economy derives its earnings from its main product. It is therefore easy to develop the main product.
DISADVANTAGES OF MONO PRODUCT ECONOMY
1 A mono product economy is unstable, an increase or decrease in the world price of the same product will affect the budget of the country.
2 A mono product economy may witness a high percentage of unemployment.
ADVANTAGES OF IMPORT ORIENTED ECONOMY ECONOMY
1. An import oriented economy weakens the foreign exchange base of the country’s currency.
2. The economy is dependent i.e. it cannot stand on its own.
3. It weakens local production of products that are imported into the country.
4. The nation while it imports finished goods may also import problems that can affect seriously its economy.
THE NEED FOR A DIVERSIFICATION OF THE ECONOMY
To diversify a nation’s economy is to expand the economic (product) base of that nation, so that it can rely on a variety of them instead of relying on only one source of income. Diversification makes it possible for a nation to have more export commodities, from which the country can generate more foreign exchange.
The need for the diversification of the Nigerian economy can be seen in the disadvantages of a mono product economy and the advantages of a diversified economy. In summary, the following are the need for diversification of an economy:
1. The need for inter sectoral dependence and balance in the economy.
2. The need for more sources of export products in order to reduce importation of goods and services that can be produced in the system.
3. Promotion of international trade that will lead to positive balance of payment.
4. The need for a dynamic economy capable of absorbing shock in the system while maintaining full employment.
5. The need for a high rate of economic growth and development
EVALUATION
1. Explain the nature of Nigerian economy
2. Explain briefly the following terms:
(a) Mono product economy
(b) Import oriented economy
3. State five reasons why the Nigerian economy should be diversified
4. Describe Nigeria’s economy as mono product and import oriented economy.
5. State the advantages and disadvantages of these types of economy.
ASSIGNMENT:
Objective Test:
1. Before independence, Nigerian economy was purely an -----------
(a) Oil sector economy (b) agrarian economy (c) Diversified economy
(d Import oriented economy.
2. Today, the bulk of Nigeria’s foreign exchange earnings come from ------------
(a) Oil exportation (b) agricultural exportation (c) exportation of other mineral resources other than crude oil (d) earnings from tourism and local artifacts
3. ----------- is the expansion of the economic (product) base of that nation, so that it can rely on a variety of them for the economic survival of the nation.
(a) Diversification of the economy (b) deregulation of the economy (c) Monetization of the economy (d) export base economy.
4. -------------- depends almost entirely on one source of national production to finance her economy.
(a) Product oriented economy (b) Mono product economy (c) Diversified economy (d) oil sector economy
5. A country that import more goods than she export to sustain her economy is said to be ------------
(a) Mono product economy (b) diversified economy (c) Import oriented (d Monetized economy
https://www.slideshare.net/earlgreytea/ ... evelopment
LESSON 10
TOPIC:ECONOMIC REFORM MEASURES IN NIGERIA
CONTENT: 1. Meaning of Economic Measures and Its Types in Nigeria:
privatization, commercialization, deregulation.
2. Reasons for the economic measures
Meaning of Economic and its Types in Nigeria: Privatization,
Commercialization and Deregulation.
Definition of economic reforms.
Economic reforms can be defined as government policies geared towards achieving economic efficiency and improvement through removal of regulations and statutory obstacles or impediments.
The aim of privatization is to bring private entrepreneur to be involved in the running of public enterprises in order to generate more funds for government businesses and revive the economy.
Types of economic reform measures in Nigeria.
1.Privatisation - this is the transfer of ownership and resources of business from the public sector ( government) to the private sector. It can also be defined as sales or contracting out of public utilities to private concerns.
Privatization comes in three forms namely:(i) share issue privatization (SIP) – this is shares selling on the stock market. (ii) voucher privatization (VP) – distribution of shares ownership to all citizens, usually free or at low price. (Iii) asset sale privatization (ASP) –selling the entire firm or part of it to a strategic investor by auction.
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5299915/
2. Commercialization - This involves operating government owned enterprises as profit making enterprise/ venture without any subvention or aid from the government.
The commercialized public enterprise is encouraged to operate to make profit and sustain their operations: in every form of commercialization be it partial or full commercialization, the enterprise involved will enjoy freedom of operation as a profit-making venture.
3. Deregulation – simply put, deregulation is the removal of certain governmental control over a sector of the economy in order to encourage free market. It is the elimination or reduction of government control over a sector of the economy in order to allow as many people as possible to participate in the running of the sector involved.
Evaluation
1. What is economic reform?
2. Mention three types of economic reform measures in Nigeria.
3. Define the following terms: privatization, commercialization and deregulation
LESSON 11
Reasons for Privatization, Commercialization, Deregulation.
Prior to the recent reforms, Nigerian public sector was under performing and imposed a significant financial drain on the treasury,: few concrete benefit, high cost of management, poor management , hidden and overt corruption, repeated losses within the public sector plagued the sector. Privatization of these state- owned businesses and deregulation of government activities in some sectors, was therefore required to:
a. improve the efficiency and productivity of the government- owned enterprises involved
b. get private entrepreneurs involved in the activities of a government- owned business / enterprise in order to get more fund to run government business.
c. stabilize the Nigerian economy
d. provide a platform for sustained economic diversification and non- oil growth
e. Curb corruption
f. reduce the financial cost of management on the federal government
g. evolve a more result- oriented and accountable management
h. revive the unstable economy of the nation
i. remove bureaucratic bottlenecks and political interference.
Evaluation:
Mention 5 reasons for economic reform measures in Nigeria.
Assignment:
1. The transfer of ownership of a business from the public sector to the private sector is known as _________
a) relinquishment ( b) private business (c) privatization (d) commercialization.
2. Reasons for economic reform measures in Nigeria include all but one of these
a) To increase productivity and availability of goods (b) to promote efficient management of the enterprises. (c) to encourage corruption (d) to remove bureaucratic bottlenecks and political interference.
3. __________ involves operating government owned enterprises as a profit-making venture. (a) commercialization
(b) commensalism (c) cooperation (d) deregulation.
4. the two forms of commercialization are __________and __________
a) privatization and deregulation
(b) partial and full commercialization
(c) capital and current commercialization
(d) government owned commercialization.
5. deregulation is ____________ (a) removal/ reduction of government
control over a sector of the economy.
(b) removal of tax and excise duties
(c) elimination of the government from national power
(d) eradication of laws against fraud.
Reading Assignment:
Pg 37- 42 Macmillan JSS social studies bk 3 by Orebanjo et-al.
WEEK 4
LESSON 12
TOPIC:ECONOMIC REFORM MEASURES IN NIGERIA (contd)
CONTENT: 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Privatization,
Commercialization, Deregulation.
2. Problems Associated with the Economic Measures
Advantages and disadvantages of privatization, commercialization and deregulation.
Advantages of privatization
a) It brings improvement and innovation
b) It brings healthy competition
c) Leads to efficiency
d) Encourages accountability
e) Improves supervision of work
f) Improved working condition
g) Eagerness and positive attitude to work is enhanced in the workforce.
h) Reducing the burden of decision- making imposed on government
1. Improved efficiency
The main argument for privatisation is that private companies have a profit incentive to cut costs and be more efficient. If you work for a government run industry, managers do not usually share in any profits. However, a private firm is interested in making a profit, and so it is more likely to cut costs and be efficient. Since privatisation, companies such as BT, and British Airways have shown degrees of improved efficiency and higher profitability.
2. Lack of political interference
It is argued governments make poor economic managers. They are motivated by political pressures rather than sound economic and business sense. For example, a state enterprise may employ surplus workers which is inefficient. The government may be reluctant to get rid of the workers because of the negative publicity involved in job losses. Therefore, state-owned enterprises often employ too many workers increasing inefficiency.
3. Short term view
A government many think only in terms of the next election. Therefore, they may be unwilling to invest in infrastructure improvements which will benefit the firm in the long term because they are more concerned about projects that give a benefit before the election.
4. Shareholders
It is argued that a private firm has pressure from shareholders to perform efficiently. If the firm is inefficient then the firm could be subject to a takeover. A state-owned firm doesn’t have this pressure and so it is easier for them to be inefficient.
5. Increased competition
Often privatisation of state-owned monopolies occurs alongside deregulation – i.e. policies to allow more firms to enter the industry and increase the competitiveness of the market. It is this increase in competition that can be the greatest spur to improvements in efficiency. For example, there is now more competition in telecoms and distribution of gas and electricity.
However, privatisation doesn’t necessarily increase competition; it depends on the nature of the market. E.g. there is no competition in tap water because it is a natural monopoly. There is also very little competition within the rail industry.
6. Government will raise revenue from the sale
Selling state-owned assets to the private sector raised significant sums for the UK government in the 1980s. However, this is a one-off benefit. It also means we lose out on future dividends from the profits of public companies.
Disadvantages of privatization
a) It can lead to inflation
b) It brings about inter- company conflict
c) Results in lack of transparency
d) Wealth will be concentrated in the hands of few private individuals and will not be available for public benefit.
e) Unemployment and poverty due to downsizing and forced retirement.
f) Fragmentation of industries.
g) There is the problem of regulating private monopolies
h) Short termism of firms
i) It could lead to cuts in essential service especially to the less privileged
j) Political influence
k) Exploitation of workers by the private firms involved.
l) Exploitation of consumers.
1. Natural monopoly
A natural monopoly occurs when the most efficient number of firms in an industry is one. For example, tap water has very significant fixed costs. Therefore there is no scope for having competition amongst several firms. Therefore, in this case, privatisation would just create a private monopoly which might seek to set higher prices which exploit consumers. Therefore it is better to have a public monopoly rather than a private monopoly which can exploit the consumer.
2. Public interest
There are many industries which perform an important public service, e.g., health care, education and public transport. In these industries, the profit motive shouldn’t be the primary objective of firms and the industry. For example, in the case of health care, it is feared privatising health care would mean a greater priority is given to profit rather than patient care. Also, in an industry like health care, arguably we don’t need a profit motive to improve standards. When doctors treat patients, they are unlikely to try harder if they get a bonus.
3. Government loses out on potential dividends.
Many of the privatised companies in the UK are quite profitable. This means the government misses out on their dividends, instead going to wealthy shareholders.
4. Problem of regulating private monopolies.
Privatisation creates private monopolies, such as the water companies and rail companies. These need regulating to prevent abuse of monopoly power. Therefore, there is still need for government regulation, similar to under state ownership.
5. Fragmentation of industries
In the UK, rail privatisation led to breaking up the rail network into infrastructure and train operating companies. This led to areas where it was unclear who had responsibility. For example, the Hatfield rail crash was blamed on no one taking responsibility for safety. Different rail companies has increased the complexity of rail tickets.
6. Short-termism of firms.
As well as the government being motivated by short term pressures, this is something private firms may do as well. To please shareholders they may seek to increase short term profits and avoid investing in long term projects. For example, the UK is suffering from a lack of investment in new energy sources; the privatised companies are trying to make use of existing plants rather than invest in new ones.
Evaluation of privatisation
a) It enhances efficiency through higher target setting
b) Makes the workers more resourceful leading to better operation
c) It helps to upgrade MIS( Management Information System)of the affected sector of economy.
d) It reduces government expenditure
e) Increases the level of profit
Disadvantages of commercialization
a) It may result in inflation
b) It could lead to industrial strike/ unrest, as money earned from commercialization is not often well utilized for public benefit.
c) Deprives the citizens from benefiting from those services which were originally welfare services.
Advantages of deregulation
a) Elimination of scarcity
b) It breaks monopoly and improves competition
c) Creativity and innovation is enhanced
d) Increases employment opportunities
e) Increases the supply of the commodities
Disadvantages of deregulation
a) Increase in price and undue exploitation due to subsidy removal
b) It leads to income inequality as the rich become richer at the expense of the poor.
Evaluation
1. Mention 5 advantages of privatization
2. List three disadvantages of commercialization
3. How does deregulation improve the nation’s economy?
LESSON 13
Problems Associated with the Economic Reform Measures in Nigeria
A. POVERTY - all the economic reform measures in Nigeria tend to favour the rich who have what it takes to buy shares and get involved in the business areas opened up. Wider gap is created between the rich and the poor , making the rich richer and the poor poorer.
B. LACK OF AWARENESS DUE TO ILLITERACY AND IGNORANCE - the problem of illiteracy makes it very difficult to explain to or convince majority of the populace of the need for these economic reform measures.
C. LACK OF EFFICACIOUS LABOUR LAW TO PROTECT NIGERIAN WORKERS IN PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS
D. IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS
Evaluation
a) Mention two problems associated with the economic reform measures in Nigeria
ASSIGNMENT
Objective Test:
1. The advantages of privatization include all but one of these
a) Efficiency (b) accountability (c) improved working condition (d) promotion of idleness
2. One of these is a disadvantage of privatization
a) Downsizing and forceful retirement (b) improved working condition (c) healthy competition (d) efficiency
3. The problems associated with economic reform measures in Nigeria include _____ and _____
a) Food and subsidy (b) problem of illiteracy and poverty (c) commercialization and deregulation (d) literacy and enlightenment
b)
Essay Test:
1. Write short note on how poverty affects the economic reform measures in Nigeria.
LESSON 14
TOPIC: ECONOMIC INSTITUTION
CONTENT: 1. Meaning and examples of economic institution.
2. The role of economic institution in Nigeria’s economy.
MEANING AND EXAMPLES OF ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS
DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS
Economic institutions are agencies responsible for the organization of a society’s resources and services.
Examples of economic institutions:
A. BANKS
B. THE NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE ( NSE)
C. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ( SEC)
D. INSURANCE COMPANIES E.G LIFE INSURANCE,HEALTH INSURANCE.
E. NIGERIAN DEPOSIT INSURANCE COORPORATION ( NDIC)
F. MARKETING INSTITUTIONS ETC
BANKS:
Banks are economic institutions that receive, keep and lend money at interest. They are the pivot around which a nations economy revolves.
Types of banks:
The types of banks operated in Nigeria to meet both private and corporate organizations’ needs include:
1. Central bank of Nigeria- a non-profit organization for government transactions
2. Commercial banks
3. Federal savings bank
4. Agricultural credit banks
5. Merchant bank- for merchants and large scale traders
6. Industrial development banks
7. Mortgage banks for small and medium scale industries.
NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE
It is an organized and essential part of the capital market where investors buy and sell stocks, shares, debentures etc.
The NSE was established through the act of parliament in 1960 and was then called Lagos Stock Exchange until 1977. It is situated in Lagos with its branches in Port Harcourt and Abuja, Ibadan, Kaduna, Kano and Onitsha.
INSURANCE COMPANIES
Insurance is a system of providing compensation for the effect of losses. It operates on the principle of risk pooling.
A provision made by an individual or establishment to cushion the effect of future losses. Life, automobile, health, and property can be insured and the companies involved in insurance include: Goldlink insurance company, Africa alliance insurance companies, Lion of Africa insurance, reinsurance corporation of Nigeria, industrial and general insurance (IGI), NICON insurance corporation etc.
TYPES OF INSURANCE
a) Agricultural insurance
b) Fire insurance
c) Marine insurance
d) Whole life insurance
e) Fidelity guarantee
f) Cash in transit insurance
g) Motor vehicle insurance
h) Health insurance
i) Liability insurance
j) Group insurance
k) Home insurance
l) Credit insurance etc
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)
This is an economic institution which oversees, regulates, monitors and controls the activities on the capital market. It was established in 1979 to replace the Capital Issue Commission formed in 1973 by the federal government. Its scope covers all public limited liability companies or private limited liability companies.
NIGERIAN DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION (NDIC)
This is an economic institution established to protect bank deposit in order to enhance healthy banking system in Nigeria.
It is empowered to regulate, supervise and advice the insured banks. It also operates on a mechanism that all commercial banks, merchant banks and other financial institution receiving deposits must insure their deposits with the NDIC.it conducts periodic examination of bank records and banks’ activities and protects the interests of depositors.
We also have marketing institution, farming institution , manufacturing institutions etc
Evaluation:
1. Mention 5 types of insurance
2. Define the term insurance
3. Mention any 6 examples of economic institution
4. Enumerate 5 types of banks
5. What is the full meaning of these acronyms
a) NDIC
b) NSE
c) SEC
LESSON 15
ROLES OF ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA’S ECONOMY
Role Of Banks
1. Banks issue cheques – this helps to enhance trade and travel
2. Lending money to the government, firms and private individuals.
3. Safe keeping of valuables
4. Banks play the role of payment agents.
5. The central bank controls the flow of cash in circulation
6. Banks, especially commercial banks act as executor of will
7. Banks buy and sell shares and stock to their customers
Roles of insurance companies
Insurance is very vital in the economy of Nigeria because of the following roles it plays:
a) It provides an avenue for businesses to keep going, even after liabilities are incurred.
b) It improves productivity of workers through group insurance policy, where workers are fully assured of a secured future.
c) It encourages international trade
d) It makes money/ fund available for investment, which invariable helps in developing the country’s economy.
e) Insurance encourages savings
f) Life assurance certificate can be used as collaterals for bank loans.
Roles of Nigerian Stock Exchange
a) The NSE helps companies, government and investors to mobilize funds for projects execution.
b) It serves as a market where people can invest their money in of companies’ shares i.e. financial market investment.
c) It acts to promote the transfer of shares.
d) It provides the platform for government to mobilize funds through bond selling or gilt – edge securities in the stock market.
e) It assists investors to buy or sell old securities.
f) It helps individuals to transfer securities easily
g) Provides job opportunities for stock brokers, computer operators etc
h) It monitors the activities of quoted companies
i) Assist investors in the identification of thriving and viable companies
j) Aids selling and buying of stock, shares and debentures
ROLES OF SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)
a) Helps to determine the allotment of securities.
b) It functions to regulate time, prices and quantity of securities issued.
c) Promotion of capital market development.
d) It monitors the transactions on the stock exchange in order to ensure fair play.
e) Registration of securities and participants.
GENERAL ROLES OF ECONOMIC INSTITUTION
1. They assist in determining how political decisions are made.
2. They provide the platform for the exchange of goods and services.
3. They ensure the continuous circulating and security of money.
4. They dictate the level of a country’s economic development
5. Provision of employment opportunities
6. They play the role of professional advisers.
7. Enhancement of industrial development.
8. They encourage industrial growth through provision of working capital
9. Economic institutions earn the country foreign exchange
10. They promote cultural exchange.
11. They encourage savings needed to boost the level of investment.
12. They provide the needed securities for commercial activities through insurance services.
Assignment:
Objective Test:
1. All but one of these are examples of economic institutions
a) Banks (b) insurance companies (c) World Health Organization (d) securities and exchange commission
2. An organized and essential part of the capital market where share are sold and bought is known as (a) corporal market (b) the Nigerian Stock Exchange market (c) central bank (d) monopolistic market.
3. The role of insurance companies include all but one of these
a) Wasteful and uncourteous spending of national wealth (b) encouragement of international trade (c) encouragement of saving (d) improved workers productivity.
4. The full meaning of NDIC is
a) National Directorate of Immediate Cash
b) Nigeria Drug Improvement Commission
c) Nigeria’s Deposit In Canada
d) Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation
5. The economic institution that helps to determine the allotment of securities and promote capital market development is the _________
a) NDIC (b) SEC (c) NNPC (d) Insurance companies
Essay Test:
1. Explain the role of marketing institution in Nigeria’ economy.
2. In five(5) sentences, mention the import of our lesson on ‘economic institution in Nigeria’(why do think we need to know about economic institution in Nigeria?).
3. Look up the meaning of these terms from your dictionary and write out the meanings: Debenture, Investor, Shareholder, Jobber and Broker
READING ASSIGNMENT: Read pages 96&97of Basis Social Studies for Junior Senior Secondary Schools. By Anikpo et al.
TOPIC:ECONOMIC REFORM MEASURES IN NIGERIA (contd)
CONTENT: 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Privatization,
Commercialization, Deregulation.
2. Problems Associated with the Economic Measures
Advantages and disadvantages of privatization, commercialization and deregulation.
Advantages of privatization
a) It brings improvement and innovation
b) It brings healthy competition
c) Leads to efficiency
d) Encourages accountability
e) Improves supervision of work
f) Improved working condition
g) Eagerness and positive attitude to work is enhanced in the workforce.
h) Reducing the burden of decision- making imposed on government
1. Improved efficiency
The main argument for privatisation is that private companies have a profit incentive to cut costs and be more efficient. If you work for a government run industry, managers do not usually share in any profits. However, a private firm is interested in making a profit, and so it is more likely to cut costs and be efficient. Since privatisation, companies such as BT, and British Airways have shown degrees of improved efficiency and higher profitability.
2. Lack of political interference
It is argued governments make poor economic managers. They are motivated by political pressures rather than sound economic and business sense. For example, a state enterprise may employ surplus workers which is inefficient. The government may be reluctant to get rid of the workers because of the negative publicity involved in job losses. Therefore, state-owned enterprises often employ too many workers increasing inefficiency.
3. Short term view
A government many think only in terms of the next election. Therefore, they may be unwilling to invest in infrastructure improvements which will benefit the firm in the long term because they are more concerned about projects that give a benefit before the election.
4. Shareholders
It is argued that a private firm has pressure from shareholders to perform efficiently. If the firm is inefficient then the firm could be subject to a takeover. A state-owned firm doesn’t have this pressure and so it is easier for them to be inefficient.
5. Increased competition
Often privatisation of state-owned monopolies occurs alongside deregulation – i.e. policies to allow more firms to enter the industry and increase the competitiveness of the market. It is this increase in competition that can be the greatest spur to improvements in efficiency. For example, there is now more competition in telecoms and distribution of gas and electricity.
However, privatisation doesn’t necessarily increase competition; it depends on the nature of the market. E.g. there is no competition in tap water because it is a natural monopoly. There is also very little competition within the rail industry.
6. Government will raise revenue from the sale
Selling state-owned assets to the private sector raised significant sums for the UK government in the 1980s. However, this is a one-off benefit. It also means we lose out on future dividends from the profits of public companies.
Disadvantages of privatization
a) It can lead to inflation
b) It brings about inter- company conflict
c) Results in lack of transparency
d) Wealth will be concentrated in the hands of few private individuals and will not be available for public benefit.
e) Unemployment and poverty due to downsizing and forced retirement.
f) Fragmentation of industries.
g) There is the problem of regulating private monopolies
h) Short termism of firms
i) It could lead to cuts in essential service especially to the less privileged
j) Political influence
k) Exploitation of workers by the private firms involved.
l) Exploitation of consumers.
1. Natural monopoly
A natural monopoly occurs when the most efficient number of firms in an industry is one. For example, tap water has very significant fixed costs. Therefore there is no scope for having competition amongst several firms. Therefore, in this case, privatisation would just create a private monopoly which might seek to set higher prices which exploit consumers. Therefore it is better to have a public monopoly rather than a private monopoly which can exploit the consumer.
2. Public interest
There are many industries which perform an important public service, e.g., health care, education and public transport. In these industries, the profit motive shouldn’t be the primary objective of firms and the industry. For example, in the case of health care, it is feared privatising health care would mean a greater priority is given to profit rather than patient care. Also, in an industry like health care, arguably we don’t need a profit motive to improve standards. When doctors treat patients, they are unlikely to try harder if they get a bonus.
3. Government loses out on potential dividends.
Many of the privatised companies in the UK are quite profitable. This means the government misses out on their dividends, instead going to wealthy shareholders.
4. Problem of regulating private monopolies.
Privatisation creates private monopolies, such as the water companies and rail companies. These need regulating to prevent abuse of monopoly power. Therefore, there is still need for government regulation, similar to under state ownership.
5. Fragmentation of industries
In the UK, rail privatisation led to breaking up the rail network into infrastructure and train operating companies. This led to areas where it was unclear who had responsibility. For example, the Hatfield rail crash was blamed on no one taking responsibility for safety. Different rail companies has increased the complexity of rail tickets.
6. Short-termism of firms.
As well as the government being motivated by short term pressures, this is something private firms may do as well. To please shareholders they may seek to increase short term profits and avoid investing in long term projects. For example, the UK is suffering from a lack of investment in new energy sources; the privatised companies are trying to make use of existing plants rather than invest in new ones.
Evaluation of privatisation
- It depends on the industry in question. An industry like telecoms is a typical industry where the incentive of profit can help increase efficiency. However, if you apply it to industries like health care or public transport the profit motive is less important.
- It depends on the quality of regulation. Do regulators make the privatised firms meet certain standards of service and keep prices low?
- Is the market contestable and competitive? Creating a private monopoly may harm consumer interests, but if the market is highly competitive, there is greater scope for efficiency savings
a) It enhances efficiency through higher target setting
b) Makes the workers more resourceful leading to better operation
c) It helps to upgrade MIS( Management Information System)of the affected sector of economy.
d) It reduces government expenditure
e) Increases the level of profit
Disadvantages of commercialization
a) It may result in inflation
b) It could lead to industrial strike/ unrest, as money earned from commercialization is not often well utilized for public benefit.
c) Deprives the citizens from benefiting from those services which were originally welfare services.
Advantages of deregulation
a) Elimination of scarcity
b) It breaks monopoly and improves competition
c) Creativity and innovation is enhanced
d) Increases employment opportunities
e) Increases the supply of the commodities
Disadvantages of deregulation
a) Increase in price and undue exploitation due to subsidy removal
b) It leads to income inequality as the rich become richer at the expense of the poor.
Evaluation
1. Mention 5 advantages of privatization
2. List three disadvantages of commercialization
3. How does deregulation improve the nation’s economy?
LESSON 13
Problems Associated with the Economic Reform Measures in Nigeria
A. POVERTY - all the economic reform measures in Nigeria tend to favour the rich who have what it takes to buy shares and get involved in the business areas opened up. Wider gap is created between the rich and the poor , making the rich richer and the poor poorer.
B. LACK OF AWARENESS DUE TO ILLITERACY AND IGNORANCE - the problem of illiteracy makes it very difficult to explain to or convince majority of the populace of the need for these economic reform measures.
C. LACK OF EFFICACIOUS LABOUR LAW TO PROTECT NIGERIAN WORKERS IN PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS
D. IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS
Evaluation
a) Mention two problems associated with the economic reform measures in Nigeria
ASSIGNMENT
Objective Test:
1. The advantages of privatization include all but one of these
a) Efficiency (b) accountability (c) improved working condition (d) promotion of idleness
2. One of these is a disadvantage of privatization
a) Downsizing and forceful retirement (b) improved working condition (c) healthy competition (d) efficiency
3. The problems associated with economic reform measures in Nigeria include _____ and _____
a) Food and subsidy (b) problem of illiteracy and poverty (c) commercialization and deregulation (d) literacy and enlightenment
b)
Essay Test:
1. Write short note on how poverty affects the economic reform measures in Nigeria.
LESSON 14
TOPIC: ECONOMIC INSTITUTION
CONTENT: 1. Meaning and examples of economic institution.
2. The role of economic institution in Nigeria’s economy.
MEANING AND EXAMPLES OF ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS
DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS
Economic institutions are agencies responsible for the organization of a society’s resources and services.
Examples of economic institutions:
A. BANKS
B. THE NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE ( NSE)
C. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ( SEC)
D. INSURANCE COMPANIES E.G LIFE INSURANCE,HEALTH INSURANCE.
E. NIGERIAN DEPOSIT INSURANCE COORPORATION ( NDIC)
F. MARKETING INSTITUTIONS ETC
BANKS:
Banks are economic institutions that receive, keep and lend money at interest. They are the pivot around which a nations economy revolves.
Types of banks:
The types of banks operated in Nigeria to meet both private and corporate organizations’ needs include:
1. Central bank of Nigeria- a non-profit organization for government transactions
2. Commercial banks
3. Federal savings bank
4. Agricultural credit banks
5. Merchant bank- for merchants and large scale traders
6. Industrial development banks
7. Mortgage banks for small and medium scale industries.
NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE
It is an organized and essential part of the capital market where investors buy and sell stocks, shares, debentures etc.
The NSE was established through the act of parliament in 1960 and was then called Lagos Stock Exchange until 1977. It is situated in Lagos with its branches in Port Harcourt and Abuja, Ibadan, Kaduna, Kano and Onitsha.
INSURANCE COMPANIES
Insurance is a system of providing compensation for the effect of losses. It operates on the principle of risk pooling.
A provision made by an individual or establishment to cushion the effect of future losses. Life, automobile, health, and property can be insured and the companies involved in insurance include: Goldlink insurance company, Africa alliance insurance companies, Lion of Africa insurance, reinsurance corporation of Nigeria, industrial and general insurance (IGI), NICON insurance corporation etc.
TYPES OF INSURANCE
a) Agricultural insurance
b) Fire insurance
c) Marine insurance
d) Whole life insurance
e) Fidelity guarantee
f) Cash in transit insurance
g) Motor vehicle insurance
h) Health insurance
i) Liability insurance
j) Group insurance
k) Home insurance
l) Credit insurance etc
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)
This is an economic institution which oversees, regulates, monitors and controls the activities on the capital market. It was established in 1979 to replace the Capital Issue Commission formed in 1973 by the federal government. Its scope covers all public limited liability companies or private limited liability companies.
NIGERIAN DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION (NDIC)
This is an economic institution established to protect bank deposit in order to enhance healthy banking system in Nigeria.
It is empowered to regulate, supervise and advice the insured banks. It also operates on a mechanism that all commercial banks, merchant banks and other financial institution receiving deposits must insure their deposits with the NDIC.it conducts periodic examination of bank records and banks’ activities and protects the interests of depositors.
We also have marketing institution, farming institution , manufacturing institutions etc
Evaluation:
1. Mention 5 types of insurance
2. Define the term insurance
3. Mention any 6 examples of economic institution
4. Enumerate 5 types of banks
5. What is the full meaning of these acronyms
a) NDIC
b) NSE
c) SEC
LESSON 15
ROLES OF ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA’S ECONOMY
Role Of Banks
1. Banks issue cheques – this helps to enhance trade and travel
2. Lending money to the government, firms and private individuals.
3. Safe keeping of valuables
4. Banks play the role of payment agents.
5. The central bank controls the flow of cash in circulation
6. Banks, especially commercial banks act as executor of will
7. Banks buy and sell shares and stock to their customers
Roles of insurance companies
Insurance is very vital in the economy of Nigeria because of the following roles it plays:
a) It provides an avenue for businesses to keep going, even after liabilities are incurred.
b) It improves productivity of workers through group insurance policy, where workers are fully assured of a secured future.
c) It encourages international trade
d) It makes money/ fund available for investment, which invariable helps in developing the country’s economy.
e) Insurance encourages savings
f) Life assurance certificate can be used as collaterals for bank loans.
Roles of Nigerian Stock Exchange
a) The NSE helps companies, government and investors to mobilize funds for projects execution.
b) It serves as a market where people can invest their money in of companies’ shares i.e. financial market investment.
c) It acts to promote the transfer of shares.
d) It provides the platform for government to mobilize funds through bond selling or gilt – edge securities in the stock market.
e) It assists investors to buy or sell old securities.
f) It helps individuals to transfer securities easily
g) Provides job opportunities for stock brokers, computer operators etc
h) It monitors the activities of quoted companies
i) Assist investors in the identification of thriving and viable companies
j) Aids selling and buying of stock, shares and debentures
ROLES OF SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)
a) Helps to determine the allotment of securities.
b) It functions to regulate time, prices and quantity of securities issued.
c) Promotion of capital market development.
d) It monitors the transactions on the stock exchange in order to ensure fair play.
e) Registration of securities and participants.
GENERAL ROLES OF ECONOMIC INSTITUTION
1. They assist in determining how political decisions are made.
2. They provide the platform for the exchange of goods and services.
3. They ensure the continuous circulating and security of money.
4. They dictate the level of a country’s economic development
5. Provision of employment opportunities
6. They play the role of professional advisers.
7. Enhancement of industrial development.
8. They encourage industrial growth through provision of working capital
9. Economic institutions earn the country foreign exchange
10. They promote cultural exchange.
11. They encourage savings needed to boost the level of investment.
12. They provide the needed securities for commercial activities through insurance services.
Assignment:
Objective Test:
1. All but one of these are examples of economic institutions
a) Banks (b) insurance companies (c) World Health Organization (d) securities and exchange commission
2. An organized and essential part of the capital market where share are sold and bought is known as (a) corporal market (b) the Nigerian Stock Exchange market (c) central bank (d) monopolistic market.
3. The role of insurance companies include all but one of these
a) Wasteful and uncourteous spending of national wealth (b) encouragement of international trade (c) encouragement of saving (d) improved workers productivity.
4. The full meaning of NDIC is
a) National Directorate of Immediate Cash
b) Nigeria Drug Improvement Commission
c) Nigeria’s Deposit In Canada
d) Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation
5. The economic institution that helps to determine the allotment of securities and promote capital market development is the _________
a) NDIC (b) SEC (c) NNPC (d) Insurance companies
Essay Test:
1. Explain the role of marketing institution in Nigeria’ economy.
2. In five(5) sentences, mention the import of our lesson on ‘economic institution in Nigeria’(why do think we need to know about economic institution in Nigeria?).
3. Look up the meaning of these terms from your dictionary and write out the meanings: Debenture, Investor, Shareholder, Jobber and Broker
READING ASSIGNMENT: Read pages 96&97of Basis Social Studies for Junior Senior Secondary Schools. By Anikpo et al.
WEEK 5
LESSON 16
TOPIC: WORLD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
CONTENT: 1. Methods of transportation
2. Types of modern transportation
METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION
Definition of transportation
Transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another either by land, air or by water.
Methods of transportation
There are basically two methods of transportation namely;
a) traditional method
b) modern method
Traditional method
The traditional method takes forms such as
(i) Human-powered transportation – this involves carrying goods either on the head, shoulder or back from one place to another. It is usually cost- saving and also a means of exercising the body physically, especially in under developed communities.
(ii) Beast of burden/ animal- powered transportation – this is the use of working animals to carry goods and people from one place to another.
Types of modern method of transportation
The modern methods of transportation are our key focus in this lesson. These modern methods include:
i) Land transport
ii) water transport
iii) air transport
A MODERN TRAIN- RAIL TRANSPORTATION
A BOAT: WATER TRANSPORTATION.
PIPELINE: PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION.
Evaluation:
1. Define transportation.
2. What are the two traditional methods of transportation?
3. Explain the human-powered form of traditional transportation.
4. Mention the three main methods of modern transportation.
MODERN TRANSPORTATION (CONT’D)
Land Transport
Transportation by land involves the movement of people and goods from one place to another on land.
It can come in the form of Road or Rail transport. For road transport, automobiles such as buses, car, trucks, motor cycles, and lorries etc convey people and goods on the truck A, B, C of the Nigerian roads. The trunk A roads are maintained by the federal government, trunk B roads by the state government and trunk C roads by the local government.
Rail transport employs the use of trains which are usually powered by locomotive engines using steam, diesel or electricity. A train can also be powered by cables, horses, gas turbines and gravity pneumatics. Rail transport is the lowest and cheaper means of land transport.
Going by history, the first railway line in the world was opened in England in 1825 and is located between Darlington and Stockton. Many countries have since then developed their rail system and Russia owns the world’s longest single railway line between Vladivostok and Moscow.
In Nigeria however, there were two major railway lines before now. These are
a) The western railway line from Lagos to Kano and Guru in Yobe state.
b) The eastern railway line from Port Harcourt to Maiduguri.
Water Transportation
Water transportation is the process of moving people & goods from one place to another using water craft, such as boat ,ship,ferriesetc causes or a body of water .water transport encourages intra- national and international trade. The body organization that manages our water transport in Nigeria is the Nigeria Port Authority (NPA).
TYPES OF WATER TRANSPORT
There are two basic type of water transport system namely.
1. The ocean navigation nor is by ship on ocean or sea.
2. The inland water ways.
Movement of goods and people is through creeks, canals, lagoons and lake within a nation’s boarder using canoes and boats. They are not deep enough for ships to travel on.
The Nigeria water has remained underdeveloped and under-utilized.
TYPE OF SHIPS
1. Cargo ships – they carry bulky goods
2. Tanker ship for carrying only crude oil.
3. Passenger ship for carrying humans
4. General ship for carrying different types of goods apart from liquids and frozen foods.
5. Refrigerator ships for carrying only frozen foods such as fish, fruits, meat and vegetables.
6. Multi- purpose ships for all kinds of goods.
Water transport is advantageous in the sense that it is not as expensive as air transport and bulky goods are conveniently transported.
AIR TRANSPORT
This is a system of transport that allows goods and passengers to be moved through the use of aircraft such as aeroplanes, jets, helicopters. Aircraft is the second fastest means of transport after the rocket. Aeroplane was invented and flown in 1903 by the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur of The United State of America but the world’s First airline was started in 1914 by Tonny James.
It can be said that air transportation is very fast, comfortable but expensive. The places specially built for airplanes to land or take off are called airports or aerodromes. In Nigeria, we have both local and international airport and many organizations are responsible for the management of our air transport operation. These organizations are: Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA), NCAA (Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority), Nigerian Metrological Services.
It should be borne in mind however that apart from the air transport methods discussed above, we also have pipeline transportation which involves the conveyance of liquids, oil and gases through pipelines which are laid or constructed underground.
Assignment:
Objective Test:
1. _________ and _________ are the two main methods of transportation.
a) Land and road (b) traditional and modern (c) gas and turbines (d) locomotive and aerodromes.
2. The three types of transportation are ________, ________ and ________
a) Land, water and air transport (b) road, canal and jungle transport (c) road, land and rail transport (d) air, sky and water transport.
3. The transport system that involves the movement of goods and people through creeks, lagoons, canals and lakes within a nation’s boarder using canoes, boat etc is called _________
a) Human- powered transport
b) Animal- powered transport
c) Water transport
d) The inland water ways.
4. Cargo ships convey
a) Goats (b) rams (c) bulky goods (d) human
5. The fastest of the three types of transportation is
a) Road transport (b) water transport (c) air transport (d) marine transport
6. Aeroplane was invented by ________ in ________
a) Boyles and Charles in 1903 (b) Le’ Chartelia in 1807 (c) the Wright brothers in 1903 (d) Obasanjo and Goodluck in 1997.
7. Pipeline transportation conveys __________
a) Cargo (b) human (c) gases, oil and other liquids (d) books and stationeries.
8. The trunk A roads in Nigeria are managed by ____________ (a) the states (b) the local government (c) private organizations (d) the federal government.
9. Land transportations include _________ and _________ (a) main roads and bushes (b) road and rail transport (c) bicycles and tricycles (d) ocean and inland ways.
10. ___________ is the movement of goods and people from one location to another.
Essay Test:
1. Mention 5 (five) seaports in Nigeria
2. List 5 (five) airlines operating in Nigeria
3. When was the first air route (Lagos – Kano) in Nigeria established?
LESSON 17
TOPIC: WORLD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (cont’d)
CONTENT: 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of the transport systems
2. Impact of science and technology on world’s transport system
ADVANTAGES OF ROAD TRANSPORT
a) It is the most universal means of transport
b) It compliments other means of transport
c) It employs a large number of people
d) It is the only means of transport that can take passengers to their doorsteps
e) It facilitates the movement of people within short distances
f) It connects places very well
g) Unlike air transport, road transport allows children to travel to school using a door to door service
h) Roads can be built to remote locations as well as to busy urban areas unlike rail and air routes
i) Road transport offers high flexibility in terms of transport jobs and changed plans.
ADVANTAGES OF RAIL TRANSPORT
1. Trains conveys more passengers than most vehicles
2. It is safe
3. It offers the cheapest and most convenient way of transporting bulky goods
4. It reduces road traffic congestion
5. It operates on schedule
6. Canteen services are provided
ADVANTAGES OF WATER TRANSPORT
1. The inland water ways promote easy transportation among communities in the riverine.
2. It also helps to convey bulky goods
3. It is not as expensive as air transport travel
4. It supports international trade
5. Accident is relatively low.
ADVANTAGES OF AIR TRANSPORT
1. It offers the fastest means of transport
2. Usually very reliable since travels are on schedule
3. It provides a very good means of long distance travel
4. It is a major contributor to global economic prosperity.
5. It is the most comfortable and luxurious means of transport
Impact of Science and Technology on World’s Transportation System
A) The modern means of transportation such as water craft, air crafts, vehicles etc are manufactured and maintained through science and technology
B) The construction of good and motorable roads, railways, airways and bridges are the brain work of scientist and technologist.
C) Science and technology has improved air transport through fabrication of faster and bigger aircraft like airbus A380, Double- decker Behemoth etc.
EVALUATION
1. Mention 5 (five) advantages of road transportation over the other means of transportation
2. List three major advantages of road transport
3. Water transport is very important. State three importance of water transport
4. One mode of transportation which offers the fastest means of conveyance over a long distance is ………..….
5. Mention two impacts of science and technology on world’s transportation system.
https://www.slideshare.net/hemantkumarh ... -final-ppt
READING ASSIGNMENT: Read up your note from the beginning of the term to the end.
ASSIGNMENT
Objective Test:
1. The following are advantages of road transportation except
a) It is the most universal means of transportation (b) It compliments other means of transport
(c)It is the fastest means of transportation (d) It is the only means of
Transport that can take passengers to their doorsteps
2. One of these is an advantage of air transport
a) It is the only means of transport that can take passengers to their doorsteps
b) It facilitates the movement of people within short distances
c) It promote easy transportation among communities in the riverine
d) It provides a very good means of long distance travel.
3. The means of transportation that offers the cheapest and most convenient way of transporting bulky goods is _________ (a) rail (b)air (c) water (d) wind
4. The most universal means of transportation is ________________
a) Road transport (b) air transport (c) water transport (d) rail transport
5. One of these is not an impact of science and technology on world’s transport
a) The modern means of transportation such as water craft, air crafts, vehicles etc are manufactured and maintained through science and technology.
b) Science and technology has created natural resources like petroleum used to fuel vehicles.
c) The construction of good and motorable roads, railways, airways and bridges are the brain work of scientist and technologist.
d) Science and technology has improved air transport through fabrication of faster and bigger aircrafts.
TOPIC: WORLD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
CONTENT: 1. Methods of transportation
2. Types of modern transportation
METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION
Definition of transportation
Transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another either by land, air or by water.
Methods of transportation
There are basically two methods of transportation namely;
a) traditional method
b) modern method
Traditional method
The traditional method takes forms such as
(i) Human-powered transportation – this involves carrying goods either on the head, shoulder or back from one place to another. It is usually cost- saving and also a means of exercising the body physically, especially in under developed communities.
(ii) Beast of burden/ animal- powered transportation – this is the use of working animals to carry goods and people from one place to another.
Types of modern method of transportation
The modern methods of transportation are our key focus in this lesson. These modern methods include:
i) Land transport
ii) water transport
iii) air transport
A MODERN TRAIN- RAIL TRANSPORTATION
A BOAT: WATER TRANSPORTATION.
PIPELINE: PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION.
Evaluation:
1. Define transportation.
2. What are the two traditional methods of transportation?
3. Explain the human-powered form of traditional transportation.
4. Mention the three main methods of modern transportation.
MODERN TRANSPORTATION (CONT’D)
Land Transport
Transportation by land involves the movement of people and goods from one place to another on land.
It can come in the form of Road or Rail transport. For road transport, automobiles such as buses, car, trucks, motor cycles, and lorries etc convey people and goods on the truck A, B, C of the Nigerian roads. The trunk A roads are maintained by the federal government, trunk B roads by the state government and trunk C roads by the local government.
Rail transport employs the use of trains which are usually powered by locomotive engines using steam, diesel or electricity. A train can also be powered by cables, horses, gas turbines and gravity pneumatics. Rail transport is the lowest and cheaper means of land transport.
Going by history, the first railway line in the world was opened in England in 1825 and is located between Darlington and Stockton. Many countries have since then developed their rail system and Russia owns the world’s longest single railway line between Vladivostok and Moscow.
In Nigeria however, there were two major railway lines before now. These are
a) The western railway line from Lagos to Kano and Guru in Yobe state.
b) The eastern railway line from Port Harcourt to Maiduguri.
Water Transportation
Water transportation is the process of moving people & goods from one place to another using water craft, such as boat ,ship,ferriesetc causes or a body of water .water transport encourages intra- national and international trade. The body organization that manages our water transport in Nigeria is the Nigeria Port Authority (NPA).
TYPES OF WATER TRANSPORT
There are two basic type of water transport system namely.
1. The ocean navigation nor is by ship on ocean or sea.
2. The inland water ways.
Movement of goods and people is through creeks, canals, lagoons and lake within a nation’s boarder using canoes and boats. They are not deep enough for ships to travel on.
The Nigeria water has remained underdeveloped and under-utilized.
TYPE OF SHIPS
1. Cargo ships – they carry bulky goods
2. Tanker ship for carrying only crude oil.
3. Passenger ship for carrying humans
4. General ship for carrying different types of goods apart from liquids and frozen foods.
5. Refrigerator ships for carrying only frozen foods such as fish, fruits, meat and vegetables.
6. Multi- purpose ships for all kinds of goods.
Water transport is advantageous in the sense that it is not as expensive as air transport and bulky goods are conveniently transported.
AIR TRANSPORT
This is a system of transport that allows goods and passengers to be moved through the use of aircraft such as aeroplanes, jets, helicopters. Aircraft is the second fastest means of transport after the rocket. Aeroplane was invented and flown in 1903 by the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur of The United State of America but the world’s First airline was started in 1914 by Tonny James.
It can be said that air transportation is very fast, comfortable but expensive. The places specially built for airplanes to land or take off are called airports or aerodromes. In Nigeria, we have both local and international airport and many organizations are responsible for the management of our air transport operation. These organizations are: Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), Nigerian Airspace Management Agency (NAMA), NCAA (Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority), Nigerian Metrological Services.
It should be borne in mind however that apart from the air transport methods discussed above, we also have pipeline transportation which involves the conveyance of liquids, oil and gases through pipelines which are laid or constructed underground.
Assignment:
Objective Test:
1. _________ and _________ are the two main methods of transportation.
a) Land and road (b) traditional and modern (c) gas and turbines (d) locomotive and aerodromes.
2. The three types of transportation are ________, ________ and ________
a) Land, water and air transport (b) road, canal and jungle transport (c) road, land and rail transport (d) air, sky and water transport.
3. The transport system that involves the movement of goods and people through creeks, lagoons, canals and lakes within a nation’s boarder using canoes, boat etc is called _________
a) Human- powered transport
b) Animal- powered transport
c) Water transport
d) The inland water ways.
4. Cargo ships convey
a) Goats (b) rams (c) bulky goods (d) human
5. The fastest of the three types of transportation is
a) Road transport (b) water transport (c) air transport (d) marine transport
6. Aeroplane was invented by ________ in ________
a) Boyles and Charles in 1903 (b) Le’ Chartelia in 1807 (c) the Wright brothers in 1903 (d) Obasanjo and Goodluck in 1997.
7. Pipeline transportation conveys __________
a) Cargo (b) human (c) gases, oil and other liquids (d) books and stationeries.
8. The trunk A roads in Nigeria are managed by ____________ (a) the states (b) the local government (c) private organizations (d) the federal government.
9. Land transportations include _________ and _________ (a) main roads and bushes (b) road and rail transport (c) bicycles and tricycles (d) ocean and inland ways.
10. ___________ is the movement of goods and people from one location to another.
Essay Test:
1. Mention 5 (five) seaports in Nigeria
2. List 5 (five) airlines operating in Nigeria
3. When was the first air route (Lagos – Kano) in Nigeria established?
LESSON 17
TOPIC: WORLD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (cont’d)
CONTENT: 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of the transport systems
2. Impact of science and technology on world’s transport system
ADVANTAGES OF ROAD TRANSPORT
a) It is the most universal means of transport
b) It compliments other means of transport
c) It employs a large number of people
d) It is the only means of transport that can take passengers to their doorsteps
e) It facilitates the movement of people within short distances
f) It connects places very well
g) Unlike air transport, road transport allows children to travel to school using a door to door service
h) Roads can be built to remote locations as well as to busy urban areas unlike rail and air routes
i) Road transport offers high flexibility in terms of transport jobs and changed plans.
ADVANTAGES OF RAIL TRANSPORT
1. Trains conveys more passengers than most vehicles
2. It is safe
3. It offers the cheapest and most convenient way of transporting bulky goods
4. It reduces road traffic congestion
5. It operates on schedule
6. Canteen services are provided
ADVANTAGES OF WATER TRANSPORT
1. The inland water ways promote easy transportation among communities in the riverine.
2. It also helps to convey bulky goods
3. It is not as expensive as air transport travel
4. It supports international trade
5. Accident is relatively low.
ADVANTAGES OF AIR TRANSPORT
1. It offers the fastest means of transport
2. Usually very reliable since travels are on schedule
3. It provides a very good means of long distance travel
4. It is a major contributor to global economic prosperity.
5. It is the most comfortable and luxurious means of transport
Impact of Science and Technology on World’s Transportation System
A) The modern means of transportation such as water craft, air crafts, vehicles etc are manufactured and maintained through science and technology
B) The construction of good and motorable roads, railways, airways and bridges are the brain work of scientist and technologist.
C) Science and technology has improved air transport through fabrication of faster and bigger aircraft like airbus A380, Double- decker Behemoth etc.
EVALUATION
1. Mention 5 (five) advantages of road transportation over the other means of transportation
2. List three major advantages of road transport
3. Water transport is very important. State three importance of water transport
4. One mode of transportation which offers the fastest means of conveyance over a long distance is ………..….
5. Mention two impacts of science and technology on world’s transportation system.
https://www.slideshare.net/hemantkumarh ... -final-ppt
READING ASSIGNMENT: Read up your note from the beginning of the term to the end.
ASSIGNMENT
Objective Test:
1. The following are advantages of road transportation except
a) It is the most universal means of transportation (b) It compliments other means of transport
(c)It is the fastest means of transportation (d) It is the only means of
Transport that can take passengers to their doorsteps
2. One of these is an advantage of air transport
a) It is the only means of transport that can take passengers to their doorsteps
b) It facilitates the movement of people within short distances
c) It promote easy transportation among communities in the riverine
d) It provides a very good means of long distance travel.
3. The means of transportation that offers the cheapest and most convenient way of transporting bulky goods is _________ (a) rail (b)air (c) water (d) wind
4. The most universal means of transportation is ________________
a) Road transport (b) air transport (c) water transport (d) rail transport
5. One of these is not an impact of science and technology on world’s transport
a) The modern means of transportation such as water craft, air crafts, vehicles etc are manufactured and maintained through science and technology.
b) Science and technology has created natural resources like petroleum used to fuel vehicles.
c) The construction of good and motorable roads, railways, airways and bridges are the brain work of scientist and technologist.
d) Science and technology has improved air transport through fabrication of faster and bigger aircrafts.
WEEK 6
LESSON 18
MAIN TOPIC: SOCIALIZATION.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: SOCIALIZATION, MEANING AND AGENTS.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies forJSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define socialization.
2. list and explain the agents of socialization.
CONTENTS:
SOCIALIZATION.
Socialization is the process of social integration, making individual members of the society become tolerant and understanding towards one another.
Socialization stages are mainly of two types and these are;
1, Primary or childhood socialization. This starts when the child is born till when he can take care of himself.
2. Secondary or Adult Socialization. This starts from the period the child is capable enough to take care of himself or herself without depending on the parents for his /her needs.
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION.
The following are the agents that help in training the child or adult to become useful member of the society.
1. THE FAMILY. The family plays a very important role in the socialization of the child during the earl years of his development in life.
2. THE PEER GROUP OR PLAYMATES. This is also an important factor in the socialization process of a child. A peer group consist of children of about the same age who play or interact together. Their contribution may be positive or negative depending or their characters.
3. THE SCHOOL. This is where a child learn academic works and also take moral instructions. At school children live together as a member of a group which is different and much larger than the family or the playmate groups.
4. THE MASS MEDIA. This includes the newspapers, television, radio, magazines e.t.c. These bodies pass information of different forms to both the young and old.
5. RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. Various religious organizations assist in shaping the situations in the society by their sermons and advice.
6. SOCIETY OR COMMUNITY. The community refers to the people who share similar ways of life. These groups of people help in redirecting the waywardness of some members of the society.
https://youtu.be/D7aW-7-iep8
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. What is socialization?
2. List four agents of socialization and explain each of them.
further studies
http://angellumague.blogspot.com/
https://www.slideshare.net/beejaybaje/a ... n-38294679
LESSON 19
MAIN TOPIC: SOCIALIZATION.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION.
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies for JSS, by Ogunwale A., Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list and explain the processes of socialization.
CONTENTS:
PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION.
There are four main processes of socialization, these are;
1. DIRECT LEARNING. This is carried out face to face by communication setting. Instructions are given to children by parents, teachers and other members of the community on what to do and how to do it. It is also referred to as deliberate learning.
2. INCIDENTAL LEARNING. This deals with unconscious learning i.e. learning that is not formally arranged. Children learn many things without being aware that learning is taking place e.g. when students play games.
3. MODEL LEARNING. This deal with learning that involves imitation. Children learn from role models, they want to be great like some musicians, footballers or actors.
4. LEARNING SOCIAL ROLES. This involves knowledge and ways of behaviour acquired due to the fact that someone is playing a role or he is going to occupy certain position such as father, mother, and president e.t.c.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK::
1. List the four processes of socialization you have been taught.
2. Explain these processes one by one.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
Explain the major role a friend has played in your life.
further studies
http://anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm
LESSON 20
MAIN TOPIC: SOCIALIZATION.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: INTER-COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list the types of relationships between communities.
2. explain the meaning of social stratification and factors that can influence it.
CONTENTS:
INTER COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS.
There are communications and interactions between communities in the world and this can be in form of;
1. Rural-Rural relationships i.e. the rural areas in the world are interacting on the basis of trade and social life.
2. Rural-Urban Relationships i.e. the rural areas are supplying the urban centers with raw materials and food, while urban centers provide services and industrial products to the rural areas.
3. Urban-Urban Relationships. These will involve administration, economic and social aspects of life.
4. National-International Relationships; these include bilateral issues , political, economics, and other forms of interactions.
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION.
This is the division of people in the society according to social or economic group. It is also the hierarchical formation in the society.
In India the classes are in four forms- the priest, the noble, the cultivators and the serfs.
FACTORS OF STRATIFICATION.
In the traditional societies, the following factors are used for stratification.
1. Age.
2. Sex.
3. Family background.
In the modern society, stratification is based on;
1. Personal achievement.
2. Education.
3. Wealth.
EVALUATION/CLASSWORK:
1. List the types of inter-community relationships you have been taught.
2. List the factors used in social stratification in the traditional society and modern society.
further studies
http://sparkcharts.sparknotes.com/gensc ... ction8.php
https://www.slideshare.net/0922924/soci ... n-51245226
practice test
http://www.sparknotes.com/sociology/soc ... /quiz.html
http://wps.prenhall.com/ca_ph_lindsey_c ... index.html
http://www.sparknotes.com/sociology/soc ... /quiz.html
MAIN TOPIC: SOCIALIZATION.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: SOCIALIZATION, MEANING AND AGENTS.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies forJSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define socialization.
2. list and explain the agents of socialization.
CONTENTS:
SOCIALIZATION.
Socialization is the process of social integration, making individual members of the society become tolerant and understanding towards one another.
Socialization stages are mainly of two types and these are;
1, Primary or childhood socialization. This starts when the child is born till when he can take care of himself.
2. Secondary or Adult Socialization. This starts from the period the child is capable enough to take care of himself or herself without depending on the parents for his /her needs.
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION.
The following are the agents that help in training the child or adult to become useful member of the society.
1. THE FAMILY. The family plays a very important role in the socialization of the child during the earl years of his development in life.
2. THE PEER GROUP OR PLAYMATES. This is also an important factor in the socialization process of a child. A peer group consist of children of about the same age who play or interact together. Their contribution may be positive or negative depending or their characters.
3. THE SCHOOL. This is where a child learn academic works and also take moral instructions. At school children live together as a member of a group which is different and much larger than the family or the playmate groups.
4. THE MASS MEDIA. This includes the newspapers, television, radio, magazines e.t.c. These bodies pass information of different forms to both the young and old.
5. RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. Various religious organizations assist in shaping the situations in the society by their sermons and advice.
6. SOCIETY OR COMMUNITY. The community refers to the people who share similar ways of life. These groups of people help in redirecting the waywardness of some members of the society.
https://youtu.be/D7aW-7-iep8
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. What is socialization?
2. List four agents of socialization and explain each of them.
further studies
http://angellumague.blogspot.com/
https://www.slideshare.net/beejaybaje/a ... n-38294679
LESSON 19
MAIN TOPIC: SOCIALIZATION.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION.
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies for JSS, by Ogunwale A., Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list and explain the processes of socialization.
CONTENTS:
PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION.
There are four main processes of socialization, these are;
1. DIRECT LEARNING. This is carried out face to face by communication setting. Instructions are given to children by parents, teachers and other members of the community on what to do and how to do it. It is also referred to as deliberate learning.
2. INCIDENTAL LEARNING. This deals with unconscious learning i.e. learning that is not formally arranged. Children learn many things without being aware that learning is taking place e.g. when students play games.
3. MODEL LEARNING. This deal with learning that involves imitation. Children learn from role models, they want to be great like some musicians, footballers or actors.
4. LEARNING SOCIAL ROLES. This involves knowledge and ways of behaviour acquired due to the fact that someone is playing a role or he is going to occupy certain position such as father, mother, and president e.t.c.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK::
1. List the four processes of socialization you have been taught.
2. Explain these processes one by one.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
Explain the major role a friend has played in your life.
further studies
http://anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm
LESSON 20
MAIN TOPIC: SOCIALIZATION.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: INTER-COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list the types of relationships between communities.
2. explain the meaning of social stratification and factors that can influence it.
CONTENTS:
INTER COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS.
There are communications and interactions between communities in the world and this can be in form of;
1. Rural-Rural relationships i.e. the rural areas in the world are interacting on the basis of trade and social life.
2. Rural-Urban Relationships i.e. the rural areas are supplying the urban centers with raw materials and food, while urban centers provide services and industrial products to the rural areas.
3. Urban-Urban Relationships. These will involve administration, economic and social aspects of life.
4. National-International Relationships; these include bilateral issues , political, economics, and other forms of interactions.
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION.
This is the division of people in the society according to social or economic group. It is also the hierarchical formation in the society.
In India the classes are in four forms- the priest, the noble, the cultivators and the serfs.
FACTORS OF STRATIFICATION.
In the traditional societies, the following factors are used for stratification.
1. Age.
2. Sex.
3. Family background.
In the modern society, stratification is based on;
1. Personal achievement.
2. Education.
3. Wealth.
EVALUATION/CLASSWORK:
1. List the types of inter-community relationships you have been taught.
2. List the factors used in social stratification in the traditional society and modern society.
further studies
http://sparkcharts.sparknotes.com/gensc ... ction8.php
https://www.slideshare.net/0922924/soci ... n-51245226
practice test
http://www.sparknotes.com/sociology/soc ... /quiz.html
http://wps.prenhall.com/ca_ph_lindsey_c ... index.html
http://www.sparknotes.com/sociology/soc ... /quiz.html
WEEK 7
LESSON 21
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MEANING OF RESOURCES AND FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define resources.
2. list the factors of production.
CONTENTS:
RESOURCES.
Resources are things that are found in an area which is useful for the improvement of living. It may be things processed by individuals, groups, or countries.
Resources can be divided into natural, human and capital.
Natural resources are things found in an environment that is brought about by nature. E.g. minerals, water, soils e.t.c.
Human resources are the ability or people living in an area or environment i.e. productive power.
This is the potential and ability of people living in an environment. There are some factors that can determine the extent to which human resources are effective in an area. These are:
1. Population size: This is whether the area is under populated, overpopulated or optimally populated.
2. Population density: This is the average number of people found in an area.
3. Population quality: This relates to education and health of people in a geographical area/region.
4. Population composition: This is in terms of age group of the population.
5. Population structure: This is in terms of sex ratio in an area i.e. male ratio to female and vice versa.
Capital resources are things made by man in their environment to further enhance process of production e.g. machines, vehicles e.t.c.
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.
There are four main factors that aid the production of a certain goods in an area. These are:
1. LAND: This is a very important factor of production because industries are built on it and other resources. The reward of land is RENT.
2. LABOUR: This is the manpower required to facilitate production. This can be skilled or unskilled and the reward for labour is WAGES or SALARIES.
3. CAPITAL: This is the implement use to bring about production. This may be machineries called FIXED capital or financial aspect (money) called CIRCULATING capital.
4. ENTREPRENEUR: This is the ability to organize all factors of productions together I order to produce goods and services demanded. The reward fog entrepreneurship is PROFIT.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
What are resources?
List and explain the factors of production.
https://www.slideshare.net/Bobbybhuwalk ... s-63715169
further studies
http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/busine ... z2h30OA15A
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/economic ... -3941.html
practice test
http://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz/quiz2 ... b3938.html
LESSON 22
SPECIFIC TOPIC: ECONOMIC SECTORS.
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies for JSS, by Ogunwale A.,
Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list different types of agricultural products we have in Nigeria.
2.explain the types of agriculture practiced in Nigeria.
CONTENTS:
ECONOMIC SECTORS.
AGRICULTURE.
This is the act of producing food, cash and industrial agricultural products in an area. This is the most popular occupation in Nigeria, about 75% of Nigerians engage in it mostly at subsistence level.
Agricultural production in Nigeria can be divided into zones depending on the climatic pattern of the area. The zones are divided into four as following.
ZONE A> This is the region where we have little amount of rainfall and it supported grain farming and animal rearing. This zone covered the Northern part of Nigeria.
ZONE B> This is the area with moderate rainfall and it occupies the middle belt of Nigeria. Crops grown in this area include root and tuber, grains and livestock.
ZONE C> This area experiences heavy rainfall, it is situated in the southern part of Nigeria. Crops grown in this area are purely root economy e.g. cocoa, rubber, and oil palm e.t.c.
ZONE D> This is the high altitude zones of Nigeria, crops grown in this area are purely those that can adapt to higher altitude or temperate types. E.g. tea, coffee e.t.c.
TYPES OF AGRICULTURE.
1. Arable farming: This is planting of food crops and local tools are used.
2. Plantation farming: this is a type of commercial farming which engage in planting of crops for sale as raw materials.
3. Irrigation farming: this is the method of pumping water to an area that is deficient in water supply. It is common in the northern part of Nigeria.
4. Pastoral farming: this is the graze land in Nigeria where animals are reared e.g. Savannah land.
5. Fish farming: this is carried out in lakes, lagoons and rivers. Fish pond is also practiced in urban areas of Nigeria.
6. Poultry farming: this is practiced in all parts of Nigeria i.e. rearing of birds for commercial purposes.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK::
1. What is agriculture?
2. List 5 crops grown in Nigeria and where they are planted.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
Draw a map of Nigeria, in it show and name five crops grown and an important town closer to the area.
further studies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_sector
http://geography.about.com/od/urbanecon ... conomy.htm
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MEANING OF RESOURCES AND FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define resources.
2. list the factors of production.
CONTENTS:
RESOURCES.
Resources are things that are found in an area which is useful for the improvement of living. It may be things processed by individuals, groups, or countries.
Resources can be divided into natural, human and capital.
Natural resources are things found in an environment that is brought about by nature. E.g. minerals, water, soils e.t.c.
Human resources are the ability or people living in an area or environment i.e. productive power.
This is the potential and ability of people living in an environment. There are some factors that can determine the extent to which human resources are effective in an area. These are:
1. Population size: This is whether the area is under populated, overpopulated or optimally populated.
2. Population density: This is the average number of people found in an area.
3. Population quality: This relates to education and health of people in a geographical area/region.
4. Population composition: This is in terms of age group of the population.
5. Population structure: This is in terms of sex ratio in an area i.e. male ratio to female and vice versa.
Capital resources are things made by man in their environment to further enhance process of production e.g. machines, vehicles e.t.c.
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.
There are four main factors that aid the production of a certain goods in an area. These are:
1. LAND: This is a very important factor of production because industries are built on it and other resources. The reward of land is RENT.
2. LABOUR: This is the manpower required to facilitate production. This can be skilled or unskilled and the reward for labour is WAGES or SALARIES.
3. CAPITAL: This is the implement use to bring about production. This may be machineries called FIXED capital or financial aspect (money) called CIRCULATING capital.
4. ENTREPRENEUR: This is the ability to organize all factors of productions together I order to produce goods and services demanded. The reward fog entrepreneurship is PROFIT.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
What are resources?
List and explain the factors of production.
https://www.slideshare.net/Bobbybhuwalk ... s-63715169
further studies
http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/busine ... z2h30OA15A
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/economic ... -3941.html
practice test
http://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz/quiz2 ... b3938.html
LESSON 22
SPECIFIC TOPIC: ECONOMIC SECTORS.
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies for JSS, by Ogunwale A.,
Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list different types of agricultural products we have in Nigeria.
2.explain the types of agriculture practiced in Nigeria.
CONTENTS:
ECONOMIC SECTORS.
AGRICULTURE.
This is the act of producing food, cash and industrial agricultural products in an area. This is the most popular occupation in Nigeria, about 75% of Nigerians engage in it mostly at subsistence level.
Agricultural production in Nigeria can be divided into zones depending on the climatic pattern of the area. The zones are divided into four as following.
ZONE A> This is the region where we have little amount of rainfall and it supported grain farming and animal rearing. This zone covered the Northern part of Nigeria.
ZONE B> This is the area with moderate rainfall and it occupies the middle belt of Nigeria. Crops grown in this area include root and tuber, grains and livestock.
ZONE C> This area experiences heavy rainfall, it is situated in the southern part of Nigeria. Crops grown in this area are purely root economy e.g. cocoa, rubber, and oil palm e.t.c.
ZONE D> This is the high altitude zones of Nigeria, crops grown in this area are purely those that can adapt to higher altitude or temperate types. E.g. tea, coffee e.t.c.
TYPES OF AGRICULTURE.
1. Arable farming: This is planting of food crops and local tools are used.
2. Plantation farming: this is a type of commercial farming which engage in planting of crops for sale as raw materials.
3. Irrigation farming: this is the method of pumping water to an area that is deficient in water supply. It is common in the northern part of Nigeria.
4. Pastoral farming: this is the graze land in Nigeria where animals are reared e.g. Savannah land.
5. Fish farming: this is carried out in lakes, lagoons and rivers. Fish pond is also practiced in urban areas of Nigeria.
6. Poultry farming: this is practiced in all parts of Nigeria i.e. rearing of birds for commercial purposes.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK::
1. What is agriculture?
2. List 5 crops grown in Nigeria and where they are planted.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
Draw a map of Nigeria, in it show and name five crops grown and an important town closer to the area.
further studies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_sector
http://geography.about.com/od/urbanecon ... conomy.htm
WEEK 8
LESSON 23
SPECIFIC TOPIC: CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list the contributions of agriculture to Nigerian economy.
2. explain the problems facing agriculture in Nigeria.
3.enumerate the solutions to the problems.
CONTENTS:
IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE.
1. It supplies food for the populace.
2. It creates employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled labour.
3. It generates revenue for government.
4. It is a means of foreign exchange earning through exportation.
5. It leads to development of other sector of the economy e.g. roads, electricity and water.
6. It also provides raw materials to industries e.g. cocoa, rubber and cotton.
PROBLEMS FACING AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA.
1. Inadequate rainfall.
2. Poor soil and bush burning.
3. Pests and diseases e.g. black pod in cocoa.
4. Erosion and leaching.
5. Small holding of the farmers due to low economic base.
6. The farmers make use of old tools and implements.
7. Land tenure problems.
8. Poor storage facilities.
SOLUTION TO THESE PROBLEMS.
1. Provision of irrigation schemes in areas we have low or inadequate rainfall.
2. Legislation against bush burning.
3. Control of pests and diseases.
4. Provision of fertilizer to improve crop yield.
5. Provision of modern implements.
6. Provision of storage facilities.
7. Good transport network across the rural areas.
8. Provision of funds and capitals in form of loans.
EVALUATION/CLASSWORK:
1. List five importance of agriculture to Nigerian economy.
2. Explain five problems facing agriculture in Nigeria.
3. List ways by which these problems can be solved.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list the contributions of agriculture to Nigerian economy.
2. explain the problems facing agriculture in Nigeria.
3.enumerate the solutions to the problems.
CONTENTS:
IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE.
1. It supplies food for the populace.
2. It creates employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled labour.
3. It generates revenue for government.
4. It is a means of foreign exchange earning through exportation.
5. It leads to development of other sector of the economy e.g. roads, electricity and water.
6. It also provides raw materials to industries e.g. cocoa, rubber and cotton.
PROBLEMS FACING AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA.
1. Inadequate rainfall.
2. Poor soil and bush burning.
3. Pests and diseases e.g. black pod in cocoa.
4. Erosion and leaching.
5. Small holding of the farmers due to low economic base.
6. The farmers make use of old tools and implements.
7. Land tenure problems.
8. Poor storage facilities.
SOLUTION TO THESE PROBLEMS.
1. Provision of irrigation schemes in areas we have low or inadequate rainfall.
2. Legislation against bush burning.
3. Control of pests and diseases.
4. Provision of fertilizer to improve crop yield.
5. Provision of modern implements.
6. Provision of storage facilities.
7. Good transport network across the rural areas.
8. Provision of funds and capitals in form of loans.
EVALUATION/CLASSWORK:
1. List five importance of agriculture to Nigerian economy.
2. Explain five problems facing agriculture in Nigeria.
3. List ways by which these problems can be solved.
WEEK 9
LESSON 24
MAIN TOPIC: NATIONAL ECONOMIC LIFE.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MINERAL RESOURCES.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list different types of minerals.
2. explain the importance of minerals to Nigeria.
CONTENTS:
MINERAL RESOURCES.
Nigeria is blessed with a lot of minerals and energy resources, which aid the development of the nation.
Minerals can be divided into three according to their formation as follow:
1. METALLIC MINERALS: e.g. iron ore, copper, lead, zinc and tin.
2. NON-METALLIC MINERALS.e.g. phosphate, clay, limestone e.t.c.
3. MINERAL FUELS: e.g. coal, oil and natural gas.
USES OF MINERALS
1. For burning and energy production e.g. coal
2. For container and aeronautic engines e.g. tin and columbite.
3. Petroleum for generation of power.
4. As raw materials for industries e.g. limestone for production of cement.
5. Lead and Zinc are used for production of pipes and electrical products.
6. Some minerals are used as ornaments and jewelries e.g. Gold and Diamond.
7. Iron ore is used for industrial machines and for iron and steel industries.
8. Marble is used for ceramics and decorations.
IMPORTANCE OF MINERAL TO NIGERIA.
1. It provides employment opportunities .
2. It generates foreign exchange earning through exportation to the nation e.g. crude oil.
3. It generates revenue for different arms of government.
4. It aids in the development of infrastructures to the nation e.g. road and electricity.
5. Generation of raw materials for Nigerian industries e.g. limestone for cement .
6. It aids the development of towns and cities e.g. Port-harcourt, Warri and Kaduna.
7. It also aids the development of other sectors of the economy e.g. agriculture an commerce.
PROBLEMS FACING MINERAL EXPLOITATION IN NIGERIA.
1. Inadequate capital.
2. Accidents at mining sites.
3. Price fluctuation in the world market.
4. Inadequate skilled man power
5. Pollution through mining of petroleum and solid minerals.
6. The use of obsolete machineries and inadequate geological survey maps.
7. Inadequate security and vandalization of machines.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. List the different types of minerals we have in Nigeria.
2. Explain the importance of minerals to Nigeria with good examples.
https://www.slideshare.net/AJINGHOSH/mi ... s-30451967
LESSON 25
MAIN TOPIC: NATIONAL ECONOMIC LIFE.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA.
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies For JSS, by Ogunwale A.,
Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list the types of industries we have in Bigeria.
2. explain the factors that are necessary for industrial location in Nigeria.
CONTENTS:
INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA.
Industries in Nigeria are divided into two types as follow:
1. LIGHT INDUSTRIES: These industries produce relatively small products and mostly consumables e.g. confectionery industries.
2. HEAVY INDUSTRIES: These are industries that produce goods that can be used for further production and not just for consumption e.g. Motor assembly plant, Petrol chemical industries.
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
Industries can be classified into two and these are:
1. Local craft industries.
2. Modern industries.
FACTORS FOR LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES.
1. Power.
2. Labour i.e. skilled and unskilled labour.
3. Transport and communication.
4. Market.
5. Capital- circulatory and fixed.
6. Raw materials.
7. Government policy or political factor.
IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIES.
1.It provides employment opportunities.
2. Foreign exchange earning through export.
3. Provision of infrastructures such as roads and electricity.
4. Development of towns and cities.
5. Revenue generation.
PROBLEMS FACING INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA.
1. Inadequate capital.
2. Poor infrastructural facilities.
3. Low purchasing power.
4. Competition from foreign goods.
5. Inadequate power supply.
6. Shortage of raw materials.
7. Shortage and inadequate finances.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK::
1. List the types of industries we have in Nigeria.
2. Explain the factors you will consider before locating an industries in an area.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
List five local craft industries and five modern industries in Nigeria and where they are located.
MAIN TOPIC: NATIONAL ECONOMIC LIFE.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MINERAL RESOURCES.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list different types of minerals.
2. explain the importance of minerals to Nigeria.
CONTENTS:
MINERAL RESOURCES.
Nigeria is blessed with a lot of minerals and energy resources, which aid the development of the nation.
Minerals can be divided into three according to their formation as follow:
1. METALLIC MINERALS: e.g. iron ore, copper, lead, zinc and tin.
2. NON-METALLIC MINERALS.e.g. phosphate, clay, limestone e.t.c.
3. MINERAL FUELS: e.g. coal, oil and natural gas.
USES OF MINERALS
1. For burning and energy production e.g. coal
2. For container and aeronautic engines e.g. tin and columbite.
3. Petroleum for generation of power.
4. As raw materials for industries e.g. limestone for production of cement.
5. Lead and Zinc are used for production of pipes and electrical products.
6. Some minerals are used as ornaments and jewelries e.g. Gold and Diamond.
7. Iron ore is used for industrial machines and for iron and steel industries.
8. Marble is used for ceramics and decorations.
IMPORTANCE OF MINERAL TO NIGERIA.
1. It provides employment opportunities .
2. It generates foreign exchange earning through exportation to the nation e.g. crude oil.
3. It generates revenue for different arms of government.
4. It aids in the development of infrastructures to the nation e.g. road and electricity.
5. Generation of raw materials for Nigerian industries e.g. limestone for cement .
6. It aids the development of towns and cities e.g. Port-harcourt, Warri and Kaduna.
7. It also aids the development of other sectors of the economy e.g. agriculture an commerce.
PROBLEMS FACING MINERAL EXPLOITATION IN NIGERIA.
1. Inadequate capital.
2. Accidents at mining sites.
3. Price fluctuation in the world market.
4. Inadequate skilled man power
5. Pollution through mining of petroleum and solid minerals.
6. The use of obsolete machineries and inadequate geological survey maps.
7. Inadequate security and vandalization of machines.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. List the different types of minerals we have in Nigeria.
2. Explain the importance of minerals to Nigeria with good examples.
https://www.slideshare.net/AJINGHOSH/mi ... s-30451967
LESSON 25
MAIN TOPIC: NATIONAL ECONOMIC LIFE.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA.
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies For JSS, by Ogunwale A.,
Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list the types of industries we have in Bigeria.
2. explain the factors that are necessary for industrial location in Nigeria.
CONTENTS:
INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA.
Industries in Nigeria are divided into two types as follow:
1. LIGHT INDUSTRIES: These industries produce relatively small products and mostly consumables e.g. confectionery industries.
2. HEAVY INDUSTRIES: These are industries that produce goods that can be used for further production and not just for consumption e.g. Motor assembly plant, Petrol chemical industries.
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
Industries can be classified into two and these are:
1. Local craft industries.
2. Modern industries.
FACTORS FOR LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES.
1. Power.
2. Labour i.e. skilled and unskilled labour.
3. Transport and communication.
4. Market.
5. Capital- circulatory and fixed.
6. Raw materials.
7. Government policy or political factor.
IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIES.
1.It provides employment opportunities.
2. Foreign exchange earning through export.
3. Provision of infrastructures such as roads and electricity.
4. Development of towns and cities.
5. Revenue generation.
PROBLEMS FACING INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA.
1. Inadequate capital.
2. Poor infrastructural facilities.
3. Low purchasing power.
4. Competition from foreign goods.
5. Inadequate power supply.
6. Shortage of raw materials.
7. Shortage and inadequate finances.
EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK::
1. List the types of industries we have in Nigeria.
2. Explain the factors you will consider before locating an industries in an area.
HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
List five local craft industries and five modern industries in Nigeria and where they are located.