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LESSON 20
TOPIC: Members Of The School Community
CONTENT:
(a)Members of school community e.g. head teachers, teachers, children, cleaners, etc.
(b) Duties of school community members- obedience, respect for leaders, loyalty, cooperation, discipline, honesty, responsibility, etc.
(c)Ways of encouraging members of the school community to perform their duties more effectively e.g. service, appreciation, rewards, etc.

Members of school community
A school is a group of people that engage in teaching learning process. They include:
1. Administrative staff
2. Teaching staff
3. Non- Teaching staff
4. Parents
5. Students


Administrative staff
The administrative staff consists of those staff that formulates and execute programme of the school. At the primary level, we have:
i. The Head Teacher
ii. Assistant Head Teacher
iii. Bursar
iv. Counsellor


At the secondary level, we have the following:
i. The Principal
ii. The Vice- Principal (s)
iii. Heads of Departments
iv. Year Tutors
v. The Counsellors

2. The Teaching staff
These are members of staff that teach the students in the school.


3. Non- Teaching staff
The non- teaching staff in the school includes the typist, Secretary, Bursar, Office Assistants, Gateman, Cleaners, Caterers, etc.


4. Students
Students form the largest part of the school. The students are in different classes.


Duties of School Community Members
For school community to achieve its common goal, all members should performs the following roles:
1. Obedience: All members must obey the rules and regulations of the school.
2. Respect for leader: Members should obey their leaders at different stratum of school organogram, for instance, the students must respect the class teachers.
3. Loyalty: Each member must be loyal to the school authority.
4. Co-operation: They must cooperate with one another in order to collectively achieve the goal of the community since a stick of broom cannot sweep the floor.
5. Discipline: Each member of the school haves elf control in his/her behaviour.


Ways of encouraging members of the school community to perform their duties more effectively.
1. Appreciation: member (s) of school community that effectively perform their duties must be appreciated by the superior officer(s) verbally or through a letter of commendation.
2. Rewards: Members that play their roles effectively should be rewarded in form of cash, gift, promotion, etc.
3. Sanction: Members who are ineffective and disobedient should be punished so as to discourage others from emulating them.
4. Government Role: Government or Proprietor/Proprietress should provide necessary amenities so as to ensure a conducive environment for members to perform their duties.
5. Parents Role: The Parents should complement the efforts of school staff and students
6. Remuneration: Members of the school community that are on pay roll should be encouraged through proper remuneration in form of good salary, welfare package, provision of care services, etc.

Evaluation:
1. Name four members of the school community
2. List five duties of some members of the school community.
3. Explain four ways by which members of the school community could be encouraged to perform their duties.

READING ASSIGNMENT:
Read chapter 8 of Solakat Social studies for Junior Secondary School Volume two by A. Oluwasola Oyewole pages 31-33

ASSIGNMENT
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
1. ………… staff consists of those staff that formulates and execute programme of the school. a. Administrative staff b. Teaching staff c Non- Teaching staff.
2. One out of the following is not at the primary level of administration a. Bursar b. Principal c. Counsellor.
3. For school community to achieve its common goal, all members should performs the following roles except one a. Disobedient b. Loyalty c. Discipline.
4.Members of the school community that are on pay roll should be encouraged through proper ……………….. in form of good salary, welfare package, provision of care services, etc. a. Appreciation b. Remunerationc. Sanction.
5. One out of the following is notways of encouraging members of the school community to perform their duties more effectively a. Appreciation b. Rebuke c. Sanction.

THEORY:
1. Name four members of the school community
2. List five duties of some members of the school community.
3. Explain four ways by which members of the school community could be encouraged to perform their duties.

LESSON 21
TOPIC: Accidents In The School

CONTENT
(a) Types of accidents in the school
(b) Preventing and Taking Care of Accidents in the school
(c) How to prevent accidents in the school

What is an accident?
An accident can be defined as a non-deliberate, unplanned unintended, or unexpected event that happened suddenly which may produce undesirable effects e g injuries, deformities, damage or pain to the victims.
Accident in schools are therefore accident that occur or take place in the school environment . When accident happen in schools, they do not only endanger students and staff, it also hinders the teaching and learning process.





Types of accidents in the school
Several accident occur in the school the following are some of the common ones.
1. Cuts.
2. Burns.
3. Electrical shocks
4. Falls.
5. Sprains.
6. Bruises.

CUTS - Students and even member of staff can accidentally sustain cuts from broken bottles,chairs, desks and playing equipment etc.


BURNS - Burn is another form of accident in the school which may occur while burning refuse or during practical session in Home Economics Laboratory.


ELECTRICAL SHOCKS - Wrong use of electrical appliances in the school can lead to shock. The use of faulty electrical appliances can also result to electric shocks in the school.


FALLS - Many things can lead to falls in the school,sometimes in the cause of play, students can push one another down accidentally. Worn out staircase can lead to fall. Some students fall from trees in the school compound. In schools where floors are tiled, students can fall. No matter what led to the fall, injuries can be sustained.


SPRAINS - A sprain occurs as a result of over stretching or over twisting of the ligament of a joint. Common sites of sprains are knee joint, elbow joint, ankle joint, and wrist joint.


BRUISES - Bruises occur when the body is given a blow and it causes bleeding from the blood vessels underneath the skin without breaking it. There is swelling and discoloration of injured area and it is very painful.


How to prevent accidents in the school
Accidents in schools can be prevented by the adoption of the following measures.
1. Removal of all dangerous things from the ground.
2.Students should be properly monitored and educated on the use of electrical appliances and the consequences of wrong handling of them.
3. Do not play with dangerous instruments.
4. Harmful chemicals such as acid should be used under the supervision of a teacher.
5. Rough play be students should be discouraged.
6. Physical fight should be discouraged in the school.
7.Fruit bearing trees should not be planted in the school and if planted, students should be monitored not to climb them or throw objects at it.
8. Open pit should be filled or identified and the surrounding must be weeded to prevent students from falling into it.
9. Students should avoid the electric cable or wire.
10. Students should be taught safety measures in the school.


Steps to take when Accidents Occur in the School
In case of accidents in school, the following steps should be taken.
1. Report to teacher, parents/elderly persons.
As soon as an accident has occurred in the school, the first step to take is to report the case to any older person around , any teacher or member of staff on ground before the case will later be reported to the parents of the victim.

2.Give first aid care:after the accident has been reported appropriately, first aid treatment should be administered to the victim by the teacher member of staff or a school nurse if there is sick bay in the school.

3.The victim should be taken to a nearby hospital or clinic if the case is beyond what the teacher or school nurse can handle.
4.Remove what has caused the accident :Whatever has caused the accident should be immediately removed so that the accident will not repeat itself.




EVALUATION
1. What do you understand by school accident?
2. Mention five types of school accident.
3. How can you prevent accident in the school.
4. Write three steps to take when accident occur in the school.

READING ASSIGNMENT:Read chapter 8 of Solakat Social studies for Junior Secondary School Volume two by A. Oluwasola Oyewole pages 21-22

ASSIGNMENT
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
1. ………..can be defined as a non-deliberate, unplanned unintended, or unexpected event. a. An accident b. A damage c. A danger
2. One out of the following is not types of accidents in the school a. Sprains b. Falls c. Lip
3. The following are ways by which we can prevent accident in the school except one. a. Do not play with dangerous instruments.
b. Harmful chemicals such as acid should be used under the supervision of a teacher. c. Give first aid care
4. ………..occur when the body is given a blow and it causes bleeding from the blood vessels underneath the skin without breaking it. a. Sprains b. Falls c. Bruises
5. One of these is a safety measure at school a. Rain fall b. Well stocked first aid kit c. Weather

THEORY:
1. What do you understand by school accident?
2. Mention five types of school accident.
3. How can you prevent accident in the school.
4. Write three steps to take when accident occur in the school.

LESSON 22
MAIN TOPIC: LEADERSHIP
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MEANING AND TYPES OF LEADERSHIP.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define leadership.
2. list the types of leaders in a society.

CONTENT:
LEADERSHIP.
The people who are in position to tell members what to do and sometimes how to do it are leaders. They direct and guide the people. We can say the success or failure of a group or society depends on it's leadership.

TYPES OF LEADERS.
There are various ways a person can become a leader. This will include the following.

1. Traditional. This is based on people's custom, this has been organized for years and very difficult to change or alter e.g. traditional rulers such as Obi, Oba, and Emir. e.t.c.


2. Leadership on personal qualities: This refers to the kind of leadership by which people claim or achieved, it is purely on achievement and charisma of the person involved.


3. Leadership by election or legality. This is derived from law and constitution. Leaders are usually voted for as representative of the people. e.g. President, governor e.t.c.


4. Leadership through training/achievement. Some people are chosen to lead because of their educational qualification e.g. Principal of a school, while some can be due to activities in trade unionism or labour group e.g. King Jaja of Opobo.




EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. Define the term <leadership>.
2. List four ways by which leaders can emerge.



LESSON 23
MAIN TOPIC: LEADERSHIP.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: TYPES OF LEADERSHIP AND CHOICE OF LEADERS.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 2, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies forJSS, by Ogunwale A.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list the types of leaders we have.
2. list different ways of choosing a leader in a society.

CONTENTS:
TYPES OF LEADERSHIP.

5. Leadership by force of arms. Military coups in a country is a very good example of this type of leadership, they come to power by force and not by representation. They are there either because of their selfish interest e.g. Gen. Sani Abacha. This type of government is called dictatorial type of government.


Totalitarian rule is where no opposition is allowed to contest, e.g. Kenya, Libya e.t.c.

Theocracy is where the leader should be a priest and nobody can take over from him while he is alive until when he is dead. E.g. Pope.


6. Leadership by age (Gerontocracy). This is common in the family settings i.e. the adult become an automatic leader. In villages, older men are automatic leaders that the younger ones follow.


CHOICE OF LEADERS.
There are three major ways of selecting a leader in a society, and these are:
1. Traditional ways e.g. chief, obi, oba, or other traditional title holders.

2. Some leaders do emerge because he was able to solve problems or because people believe in him.

3. A leader is chosen by the ballot i.e. election or by vote.

FUNCTIONS OF A LEADER.[/b]
1. A leader must be able to initiate action for members of his group.
2. A leader must defend his society i.e. patriotic.
3. A leader must know the members of his society well and mix with them.
4. A leader must be able to unite the society.
5. A leader must be able to organize members of his society to achieve their goals.
6. He have to educate the members of the society on matters arising.
7. He must not misuse his followers to gain his personal interest.
8. He must not force his followers to accept his decisions and directions.
9. He must know when to leave the office i.e. when voted out.


EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK::
1. Explain in full the responsibilities of a good leader.
2. List the types of leader you know.
3. Explain three ways by which a leader can emerge in a society.

ASSIGNMENT(S):
List all the past leaders of Nigeria and he time of their reign, Write out the ways by which they are selected.

further studies

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_styles

http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_84.htm





LESSON 24
MAIN TOPIC: LEADERSHIP AND FOLLOWERSHIP.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: QUALITIES OF GOOD LEADERSHIP..
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list the qualities of a good leadership.

CONTENTS:
QUALITIES OF GOOD LEADERSHIP
The following are the qualities of good leaders in the community:
1. She/he must be able to inspire confidence in his/her followers.
2. A good leader must be charismatic and able to carry his followers along.
3. A good leader must be knowledgeable.
4. A good leader must be courageous and firm in decision making.
5. She/he must be tolerant and respectful to all.
6. A good leader must be impartial and fair in judgment delivery.
7. A good leader must know when to quit or resign when situation called for it.
8. A good leader must be honest and disciplined in all manner of ways he is dealing with the followers.
9. She/he must be committed to his follower's welfare.


FOLLOWERSHIP: QUALITIES AND FUNCTIONS.

FOLLOWERSHIP.
Followership means a body of people who are led by someone. It also refers to the ability to follow or obey a leader.

QUALITIES OF A GOOD FOLLOWER.
The following are the qualities of a good follower.
1. A good follower must be respectful either to their leader or to the group>s symbols and emblems.
2. A good follower must be obedient and follow the law of the land.
3. She/he must be loyal and committed to their leader and their society.


FUNCTIONS OF FOLLOWERS.
1. They should obey and respect their leaders.
2. They should be loyal to their leaders and their society.
3. Followers should criticize bad leadership style and not to follow blindly.
4. They should contribute to the success of the society through hardwork.
5. They should be committed to the achievement of their group.
6. Followers should obey the laws made for them and for the benefit of the society.
7. Followers must offer their leaders useful advice.


COOPERATION BETWEEN LEADERS AND FOLLOWERS.
When leaders and followers interact positively in a society, there will be:
1.It will help to bridge the communication gap between members in the community.
2. There will be maintenance of order.
3. There will be cooperation and peace in the society.
4. It will lead to people in the society having sense of belonging.
5. It will lead to proper role playing in the society.
6. Both leaders and followers will be able to work together as a team.
7. The rights of the members will be fully guaranteed.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iKolfu ... sp=sharing

CONSEQUENCES OF POOR RELATION BETWEEN LEADERS AND FOLLOWERS
Whenever there is crisis between leaders and followers, the following is bound to happen in the society.
1. It will lead to breakdown of law and order.
2. It will also lead to mistrust between them.
3. It will lead to depression or bad economy in the society.
4. It will also lead to unnecessary wastage of resources.
5. It will lead to corruption and indiscipline.
6. It will lead to failure of government programmes.

EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK :
1. What is followership?
2. List the qualities of a good follower.
3. Explain the functions of a good follower.
4. List and explain qualities of a good leader.
5. List and explain the importance of cooperation between leaders and followers.
6. List some ways by which bad relationship between leaders and followers can destroy a society.

HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT
List all the past leaders in Nigeria and state the means by which they came to power.

further studies
http://www.practical-management.com/Lea ... eader.html

http://www.angelfire.com/il/adventureclub/leader.html

practice test
http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/qui ... &quesnum=1

http://www.tutor2u.net/business/quiz/le ... /quiz.html

http://www.swlearning.com/management/ne ... _quiz.html