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SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK TOPIC
1. Revision of first term work.

2. Obligations of citizens: (a) Economic / financial obligations (b) civic and political obligations

3. Obligations of citizens: (c) Social Obligations (d) Consequences of failure of citizen’s performance of obligations to the community, the State and the nation.

4. National Consciousness and Identity : (a) National consciousness: meaning of National consciousness (b) National Identity- Meaning of national identity (c) Ethnic composition of Nigeria (d) Aspects of national Identity (e)Identifying with one’s nation

5. National Consciousness and Identity: (f) Meaning and History of National symbols (i) National Symbols(ii) the Coat of Arms (iii) The National Flag (iv) the National Anthem (v) The National pledge (vi) The national Currency (vii) The national Passport

6. Promoting National Unity: The National Youth service corps (NYSC), Unity Schools, Federal Character Commission, Tolerance, Hospitality, Non Discrimination, Inter-tribal and Inter-State Marriages etc.

7. Representative Democracy: (a) Meaning of Democracy-Political, Economic (b) place of popular participation in democracy.

8. Democracy (cont’d) (c) Forms of Democracy; (i) Direct, (ii) representative (iii) Constitutional

9. Democracy (cont’d) (d) Examples of Democratic System: (i) City State of Ancient Greece (ii) Igbo village Democracy (iii) Modern Democratic Systems (e)Characteristics of Democracy (i) Authority Emanates from the people (ii) There is the rule of law (iii) There is Liberty for the Citizens

10. Revision

LESSON 1
Topic : OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZENS


(i) FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS: Citizens are expected to pay their taxes to the state. This is to enable the government to provide essential services to the people such as pipe bone water, electricity, good road etc. Failure to perform this obligation may lead to penalty by the state.


(ii) ECONOMIC OBLIGATIONS: Every Citizen Should respect and protect public properties Examples of public properties that should be protected by the citizens are : oil pipe line, Public buildings Railway, power installation etc.


(iii) CIVIC OBLIGATIONS: Civic obligation is the responsibility of the citizen in maintaining law and order. The failure to observe this will lead to sanctions, prosecution and even imprisonment.


(iv) POLITICAL OBLIGATION: This is act of voting during election. Failure to perform this duty will bring a wrong and bad government to power that will not satisfy the wishes of the people.


Evaluation:
(i) Explain financial obligation with three examples
(ii) What is political obligation?

LESSON 2
Topic: SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS:
Social Obligation of the citizens include: defence of the country, protection of country’s name, assistance of law enforcement agents by reporting people with dubious character to the police in order to guarantee peace in the society, Environmental cleanliness etc.


(iv) Consequences of failure of citizen’s performance of obligations to the community, the state and the nation
1. When taxes are not paid, government will not be to provide social amenities to the people. Thus government will fail to deliver the dividend of democracy to the people.

2. When laws are not obeyed, there will be breakdown of law and order in the society and people will not be able to live a normal life.

3. When people do not perform their civic responsibilities of maintaining laws and order, the rights of other citizens may be in danger.

4. When laws are not obeyed, law enforcement agents may arrest citizens and put them in prison for constitution breaches.

5. When taxes are not paid, there may be no development in the society.

6. When people refuse to clean their environments, sickness and diseases may become the order of the day.

7. When there is lack of cooperation with law enforcement agencies, the government will be helpless in tracking down criminals in the society.
https://www.slideshare.net/Maj0815/gove ... ion-report

Evaluation:
(i) What is social obligation?
(ii) List five consequences that arise when citizens fail to perform their obligations.

LESSON 3
Topic: NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND IDENTITY
(i) Meaning of National Consciousness
This is the feeling of love for one’s country. This is called National Consciousness or Nationalism. The love for one’s country is paramount in the mind of such individual. People in a Nation share the following:
(i) Common territory,
(ii) Economic life,
(iii) Political system,
(iv) Constitution,
(ii) National Identity- meaning of National identity

National identity refers to the characteristics by which a Nation can be recognized.

Identity is a situation in which things are the same or alike. In this wise, people from particular cultural group are different from another and can easily be known because of some common characteristics they possess. For instance, the Igbo’s are different from Yoruba’s. The features that distinguish them from the Yoruba’s are language, mode of dressing, greetings, marriage, practices, and dance patterns, art, values, festivals, customs and tradition. Each tribe in Nigeria has its own specific cultural features that make it different from other tribes.

ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF NIGERIA
Nigeria is inhabited by people with different traditions and socio-cultural set up. It is almost a matter of controversy in trying to ascertain the number of ethnic groups in Nigeria. About 250 ethnic groups are estimated to be in Nigeria. Nigeria could be broadly classified into three dominant (major) ethnic groups namely; Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa. However, some other ethnic groups are Gwari, Kanuri, Shuwa, Angas, Tivi, Nupe, Edo, Itsekiri, Urhobo, Izon Ibibio, Efik and others.




The Yoruba ethnic group occupy the south-west of Nigeria and they are found mainly in Ogun, Oyo, Ondo, Ekiti, Osun, Lagos and in parts of Kwara; Kogi and Edo states.


The Hausa-Fulani ethnic group occupies the extreme Northern part of the country and borders of Middle belt. Such states are, Yobe, Zamfara, Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Jigawa, Bauchi, Sokoto, Kebbi, and Adamawa.


The Igbos occupy the South Eastern part of Nigeria and the states are: Abia, Anambra, Enugu, Ebonyi, and Imo
However the rest that cannot be covered here are few and are regarded as the minority tribes.



ASPECTS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY
We can identify with our country in the following ways
1. We can identify with our country as a member and citizen of Nigeria. The federal Government controls the whole Nation and we are part of it.


2. The international passport which is issued by Federal Ministry of internal affairs for intending travelers outside Nigeria serves as a National Identity.


3. We can also identify with our constitution which controls both the government and the people of Nigeria.


4. There is also the National Identity card which is issued to all Nigerians to serve as means of identification.


5. We can also identify with our National symbols like the flag, Anthem and the pledge which serve as a symbol of Nationhood.


6. Our currency (Naira and Kobo) is another major form of National identity.


Evaluation:
(i) What is National consciousness?
(ii) Briefly discuss the ethnic composition of Nigeria.
(iii) List and explain four ways one can identify with his or her country.

LESSON 4
Topic: National consciousness and identity (cont’d):
Sub topic: Meaning and History of National symbols

People and groups have trait by which they are known; similarly countries have symbols by which they can be identified. Such symbols stand for authority and remind the citizens that they all belong to the same country. Some of our National symbols have historical importance. Below are some our National symbols.
1. The Coat of Arms
2. The National Flag
3. The National Anthem
4. The National Pledge
5. The National Currency
6. The National Passport
7. The Constitution
8. National identity Card
9. The Unity Lamp

THE COAT OF ARMS
This coat of arms is an emblem which shows the unity of the country and stands for authority and power. It is also called the armorial bearing. There are certain things drawn on the coat of Arms which are commonly known to be in Nigeria. The black shield represents the good soil of Nigeria. The Eagle represents the strength of Nigeria. The horses represent the dignity and pride of Nigeria. The Y shape on the shield represents the Rivers Niger and Benue which flow through the parts of Nigeria. The flowers stands for the beauty of Nigeria as seen from flower called cactus spectabilis commonly found in most parts of Nigeria. They are common and found at roadsides and in the coat of Arms stands for Nigerian motto – the way Nigerians are expected to act or believe

Nigeria coat of arms -The official Seal of the nation

THE NATIONAL FLAGS
The Nigeria National flag was design by a Nigerian, by Taiwo Akinkunmi in 1959. The National flag was unfolded for the first use on midnight of 30th September 1960 shortly before Nigeria’s independence on 1st October 1960. The National flag has two colours divided into three parts green-white-green. The green colour stands for farmlands and forests, on which the wealth of the nation depends, and in which most Nigerians are employed; the white colour stands for peace and unity which are important in the growth of the Nation and its peace.
The flag is hoisted on important public buildings or private establishment to fly freely as Nigeria’s symbol of Nationhood. Before our independence, the official flag was that of the British flag known as Union jack.

The National Flag.

THE NATIONAL ANTHEM
Since independence, Nigeria has adopted two National anthems. The first one was adopted on 1st October 1960 and it reads.

Nigeria we hail thee;
Our own dear Native land;
Though tribes and tongues may differ;
In brotherhood we stand;
Nigerians are proud to serve; Our Sovereign Mother land.

This old anthem was faulted on three main reasons.
I. It was composed by a Non-Nigeria.
II. It emphasized our different culture and traits rather than experiences.
III. The spirit of patriotism, faith and loyalty was not sufficiently recognized. The old Anthem was composed by Miss I.J. Williams, a Briton and rendered in song form by Miss F. Benda who was also a Briton. The new Anthem composed by a Nigerian Mr. Benedict Elise Odiase took care of all the anomalies of the old anthem and it reads.

1. Arise O compatriots;
Nigerians call obeys;
To serve our fatherland;
With love and strength and Faith;
The labour of our heroes pasts;
Shall never be in vain;
To serve with heart and might;
One Nation bound in freedom;
Peace and unity.

2nd stanza
Oh God of creation;
Direct our Noble cause;
Guide our leaders right;
Help our youths the truth to know;
In love and honesty to grow;
And living just and true;
To be a Nation where peace;
And justice shall reign.


PLEDGE
The pledge was adopted after the end of Nigerian 30 months of bitter civil war which started in 1967, ended in 1970. The national pledge was written by Prof. Mrs. Felicia Adebola Adeyoyin in September, 1976

The National pledge reads:
I pledge to Nigeria my country,
To be faithful, loyal and honest,
To defend her unity,
And uphold her honour and glory,
So help me God.



The national Currency
The national Currency is an official medium of exchange used by citizens in that particular nation. In Nigeria, The Naira and Kobo is our official medium of exchange. Some are in coin form while others are in note form. The naira and kobo are in various denominations of 25k, 50k, #1, #2, #5 ,#10, #20, #50 ,#100 ,#200, #500, #1000.

Nigeria naira notes


Nigerian coins

National passports
The Nigerian National passport, which is also known as international passport, is a means of identification for the citizens of Nigerians world wide. it is used when traveling outside the Country and it is meant of Nigerian Citizens alone


Evaluation :
1. What is national symbol?
2. List five national symbols
3. Mention all Nigerian money denominations
4. Give another name for national passport.

LESSON 5
Topic : PROMOTING NATIONAL UNITY
MEASURES ADOPTED BY GOVERNMENT TO PROMOTE NATIONAL UNITY.
The Federal government in the past years made series of efforts aimed at maintaining peace and progress in the society. Some of these efforts led to the establishment of the Federal government institution to promote national unity. The following can be considered in the light of this development.

1. The National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) was established in 1973 to enable fresh graduates to serve in other states of the Federation. In the process of this service, they will be able to come in contact with people and culture different from their own. This is to promote National Unity.


2. Unity schools were established throughout all the geo-political zones in the country. This is to present an opportunity for students of other ethnic groups to be admitted into these unity schools, Student can be admitted into any part of the country. This is to promote National Unity.


3. Federal character principle was entrenched in the constitution in which all ethnic groups would be represented in all our National life. Such as the appointment into Federal Civil Service, Ministerial appointment, recruitment of players into our National team. All these are aimed at promoting National Unity. Criteria to be fulfilled by political parties are such that reflect federal character before they can be registered.


Other Ways of Promoting National Unity include:
1. Tolerance for each other, irrespective of religious and ethnic affiliations;
2. Showing hospitality especially to the strangers;
3. Living a life devoid of discrimination against other tribes and
4. Encouraging inter- tribal marriages; etc.


1. TOLERANCE: When we tolerate one another, we can live as brother and sisters and the peace of the Nation will be sustained.

2. HOSPITALITY: This is the act of receiving one another in a friendly atmosphere. The habit of treating one another as brother’s keeper. This will remove hatred, and peace and unity will be promoted.

3. NON-DISCRIMINATION: This is to relate with one another on equal basis and terms. Everyone should not think of himself more highly or superior than others.

4. INTER MARRIAGE: When people from different ethnic groups marry one another, we learn from one another and known our cultural differences which will bring about unity.

5. SUPPORT GOVERNMENT PROGRAMME: When we all support government programmes, governance will be smooth and easy. We will all be the beneficiaries of the dividends of democracy, we will see ourselves as one.

6. We should not run down one another we should share in our joy and sorrows.


Evaluation:
1 Explain two ways by which the Federal government of Nigeria has promoted National Unity.
2 Mention four other ways you can promote National unity.

LESSON 6
Topic: REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
(i) Meaning of Democracy
Democracy is a form of government in which majority of the people participate in the election of their leaders. According to Abraham Lincoln who was the 16th American president, he defined democracy as ‘ the government of the people, by the people and for the people”. It can also be said to be a form of government organized in accordance with the principles of popular sovereignty, political equality, popular consultation and majority rule.


(ii) Place of popular participation in democracy
Democracy is the government of the majority. Democracy can only move forward when majority of the people participate in government. With the participation of the people, it will ensure political accountability to the people. The needs of the people will also be met. Equally, government will get feedback from the people on how they are enjoying the programmes of the government or otherwise. Also, people will be able to feel the impact of the government in the execution of their programmes . Government will be able to serve the people better.


Evaluation:
1. What is democracy?
2. Briefly discuss the place of democracy and how it could be effective in your constituency.

https://www.slideshare.net/ashikurrahma ... adeshranok

LESSON 7
Topic: Democracy (cont’d)
Sub-Topic: Forms of democracy
a. DIRECT DEMOCRACY: This was a government practised in the Greek city states in which all the people directly ruled, made and implemented policies of government. It is a type of government in which all qualified citizens meet periodically to discuss the laws required for the state and to give approval to them. It could also be called ‘a face-to-face democracy. This type of democracy is practised in small communities where attention of people can be called easily.


b. REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT: This is a form of indirect democracy in which the elected representatives are chosen by the people. This type of democracy is being practised in modern state. Here, the citizens elect their own representatives who will govern them rightly and according to their wishes which are constitutional.


c. CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY: This is a form of democracy that derives its power from the constitution. Under this system, the constitution defines democracy, powers of government and how such a government should operate. Some countries that practice constitutional democracy are: United States of America (USA), Britain, Ghana, Nigeria, etc.


Evaluation:
1. List and explain two forms of democracy.
2. Mention five countries that practice constitutional democracy.

https://youtu.be/XMPYOOdICX0

LESSON 8
Topic: Democracy (cont’d)
Sub-topic: Examples of Democratic Systems

1. CITY STATES OF ANCIENT GREECE: This is where democracy originated. All adults gathered to discuss what concerned the community and they discussed until a decision was taken. Ancient Greek was a city where the old philosophers lived hence, their wisdom helped them in decision making and respect of one’s idea.


2 IGBO VILLAGE DEMOCRACY; in the pre-colonial period, village family heads came together to form the village assembly where they discussed issue before a major decision was taken. The Igbos believe and practice egalitarian (equality) government.


3 MODERN DEMOCRACY SYSTEMS; in the modern day democracy, people always elect their leaders who will control the government of the state and who will rule on behalf of the majority. Here, the citizens posses power to vote in leaders of their choice or vote out any leader they have no confidence in his or her leadership.


Characteristics of Democracy
I. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY: The will of the people is expressed by their votes and they have control over government decision.

ii. PERIODIC ELECTIONS: There must be free ad fair elections at regular intervals say at least every four years as being practiced in Nigeria

iii MAJORITY RULE: Majority participate in government as we know that not all will be able to take part in government. The will of the majority is determined by a free and fair election. The majority must have a say in the affairs of the state.

iv. POLITICAL EQUALITY: Every citizen has equal opportunity under the principle of own man one vote.

v. RULE OF LAW: The law of the land must be supreme. The law should be no respecter of persons that is, nobody should be above the law.

vi. HUMAN RIGHTS: The rights of the citizens must be respected. There must be freedom of movement, speech, religion, life and property.

vii. MULTI PARTY SYSTEM: More than one political party must compete for power in an election.

viii. SEPARATION OF POWER: Each organ of government must be independent with modern checks and balances


Evaluation:
i. List five characteristics of democracy.
ii. Explain three of the characteristics mentioned above.
iii. Discuss three examples of democracy.

STUDY QUESTIONS
1 Rights means one of the following …………………..
(a) Ability to speak with one voice (b) Rights are privileges which law permits (d) Rights are those things that will not allow us to develop our qualities fully

2. One of these is a financial obligations………(a) Due process (b) Social control (c) Citizens are expected to pay their taxes to the state (d) Maintaining law and order

3. National consciousness means ……(a) The love of money (b) The feeling of love for one’s country (c) The feeling of love for one’s parents (d) Thinking of how to survive in a nation

4. Which of these features distinguish the Yorubas from the Hausas? (a) Dressing (b) Greetings (c) Marriage (d) All of the above

5. The Nigeria National Flag was designed by ………(a) Lamidi Fakeye (b) Taiwo Akinkunmi (c) Christopher Kolade (d) Olusegun Obasanjo

6. In what year did he design it? (a) 1948 (b) 1951 (c) 1959 (d) 1960

7. When was the flag unfolded for the first use? (a) 30th September, 1960 (b) 1st October, 1960 (c) 1st October, 1963 (d) 1st October,1964

8. One of Nigeria’s national symbols is (a) River Niger (b)Nnamdi Azikwe International Airport, Abuja (c) The Coat of Arms (d) Defence Headquarters, Abuja

9. The black shield represents……(a) The good soil of Nigeria (b) The dignity and pride of Nigeria (c) The beauty of Nigeria (d) The authority and power

10. The Nigeria’s Coat of Arms stands for (a) Unity of the Country (b) Authority and Power (c) The Strength of Nigeria (d) None of the above

11. The horses represent ………(a) The beauty of Nigeria (b) The good soil of Nigeria (c) The dignity and pride of Nigeria (d) Authority and Power

12. The “Y” shape represents……(a) The Rivers Niger and Benue (b) The Rivers Osun and Ogun (c) The Rivers Kaduna and Sokoto (d) The Rivers Gongola and Bonny

13. Who composed Nigeria’s old National Anthem? (a) Miss Angela Gold (b) Miss I.J. Williams (c) Miss F. Benda (d) Victoria Shaw

14. Who rendered it in song form? (a) Prof. Akin Euba (b) Emmanuel Odiase (c) Taiwo Akinkunmi (d) Mr. Ugochukwu Daniel

15. Who composed it into song? (a) Emmanuel Odiase (b) Prof. Akin Euba (c) Lord Lugard (d) Jerry Matthins

16. When did he new national anthem replace the old ones? (a) 1st October, 1978 (b) 1st October, 1979 (c) 1st October, 1980 (d) 1st October, 1981

17. Who was the head of state when the New National Anthem was introduced? (a) Gen. Yakubu Gowon (b) Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo (c) Gen Murtala Muhammed (d) Gen. Ibrahim Badamosi Banbagida

18. When was the national pledge adopted in Nigeria (a) During the civil war
(b) After the end of Nigerian Civil war that ended in 1970 (c) All of the above (d) None of the above

19. Which of these tribes occupy the South West of Nigeria? (a) The Igbo ethnic group (b) The Hausa Fulani Ethnic Group (c) The Yoruba Ethnic Group (c) The Ibibio ethnic group

20. The Hausa – Fulani Group occupy the ……(a) Northern part of the country (b) South – Eastern part of the country (c) South West of Nigeria (d) South of Nigeria

21. The Igbo can be found in the ……(a) South-West of Nigeria (b) South Eastern part of Nigeria (c) Northern part of Nigeria (d) All of the above

22. The National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) was established in …. (a) 1973 (b) 1974 (c) 1975 (d) 1976

23. The purpose of establishing the Federal Government Colleges otherwise known as Unity Schools is that the schools is that the schools will be……(a) Developed as an institutions of tertiary levels (b) Representatives of the diverse culture, population ethnicity and classes of Nigerians (c) Good for the young candidates in Nigeria (d) Admitting those who are seeking admissions to Unity schools in Nigeria.

24. when was the concept of QUOTA SYSTEM as a policy was adopted in Nigeria (a) 1954 (b) 1955 (c) 1960 (d) 1965

25. In which of these elements in the constitution can promote national unity?
(a) Through national rivalry (b) Federal character (c) Through exchange programmes (d) Through strike and protest

26. How can individuals and groups promote national unity? (a) Throguh discrimination (b) Through tolerance (c) Through non- adherence to peace effort (d) None of the above

27. Who defined democracy as the government of the people by the people and for the people? (a) Abraham Lincoln (b) George Washington (c) James Cooke (d) John Kennedy

28. Where did Democracy Originate from? (a) Nigeria (b) America(c) Greece (d) Britain

29. One of the characteristics of democracy is ………(a) Freedom of religion (b) Separation of power (c) Representative democracy (d) Popular government

30. ……………….is one of th forms of abuse of fundamental human rights
(a) Torture and indecent treatment by the law enforcement agent (b) Treating people with all decency (c) People have been given fair hearing in the court of law (d) No secret trials of accused persons

THEORY QUESTIONS
1 i. Enumerate specific citizen obligations in economic,
ii. Financial, civic, political and social areas
iii. Discuss differences between rights and obligations

2. i. List three national symbols
ii. Describe the meaning of the features on the symbols
iii. Discuss efforts by government to promote national unity

3. i. Explain the meaning of democracy
ii. Write short notes on:
(a) Rule of law (b) Rights of citizens

4. i. Define constitution
ii. List three sources of constitution
iii. Mention three types of constitutions

5. i. Explain the meaning of human rights
ii. List three fundamental human rights of a Nigeria citizen
iii. Explain instances of abuse of human rights
iv. State two effects of the abuse of human rights.
v. suggest two ways of preventing the abuse of human rights

6. i. State three civic rights of Nigerian citizens
ii. List three economic rights of Nigerian citizens
iii. Name three political rights of Nigeria citizens
iv. Discuss two of the rights of Nigerian citizens
v. Enumerate two specific citizen obligations in economic, financial, civic, political and social areas
vi. Discuss differences between rights and obligations
vii. Discuss how obligations affect the performance of rights