Pen-Write E-Library

SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK TOPIC

1. Revision of Last Term’s Examination

2. Comprehension/Vocabulary Development (look at some past questions)- English Structure Review of Nouns and pronouns, Composition Narrative essay (review),

3. Speech Work – review of monophthongs, Literature-In-English Review of major/minor characters, theme, plot, tragic and comic elements etc.

4. Comprehension/Vocabulary Development (use past questions)- English Structure Review of Verbs and Adverbs. Composition- Review Descriptive essays,

5. Speech Work – Review Diphthongs, Literature-In-English – Review Literary terms for poetry, metaphors, simile, alliteration, hyperbole etc.

6. Comprehension/Vocabulary Development (use past questions- English Structure- Review Adjectives Composition- Revisit informal, formal and semi-formal letters and their features, Speech Work -revisit consonant Sounds, Literature-In-English use past questions.

7- 13. Revision for Mock and Final BECE/JSCE

• Use past questions for all aspects of the revision.

LESSON 1
Activity: Revision of Last Term

Two To Tango- Harry Chijioke Ugwu
1. Inyama’was ……….years old when she married.
(A) 25 B. 23 C. 36 D. 27
2. …………..raped Inyama ?
A. Gabriel B.Okenu C Ikeogu D. Anthony
3. ………….insisted that Inyama will not pay any fine.
A Prime Minister B. Ikeogwu C. Ikewu D. Anthony
4. Inyama’s sexual behaviour ………….the land.
A. blessed B.polluted C. watered D. increased
5. ………cautght Inyama and Okewu in a lover’s embrace.
A.5th woman B. shopkeeper C. Onyishi D. 1st woman


Vengeance - Ayo Olaosebikan
1. Biatu’s nickname was………………
A. B-Energy B. C-Torpedo C. B- Alergic D A –Excellent
2. Ibekwe lost ………..brothers.
A. four B. one C. three D. two
3. Ibekwe’s parents died through…………..
A. flooding B. poisoning C. fire D. kidnapping
4.Ibekwe was a …………..in the military.
A . Lieutenant B. Captain C. Major D. Colonel
5 The course representative of Ibekwe’s class was………..
A. Obinna B.Lucy C. Lucious D. Chima


Zumji And Uchenna - Pierre Meunier
1.Who introduced the various scenes?
A. Lady B . Man C. Woman D.boy
2…………attacked Father Paul with machete
A. Kachi B.Emeka C. Nwachukwu D.Tongak
3……….festival was celebrated in the text.
A. Cocoyam B. Yam C. Banana D. Orange
4. Uchenna died in defending………….
A. Emeka B. Winika C. her father D. Zumji
5. Zumji was beaten by…………..
A. marketers .A masquerades C. sellers D. drivers

LESSON 2
ASPECT: Comprehension/ Vocabulary Development
Read the following passages and answer all the questions below:

In African societies, the arrival of a baby boy in the family is usually celebrated with fun fare. Thus, the euphoria that often greets the arrival of a baby boy is usually inexplicable when compared with the cold reception often accorded the baby girl. Africans still believe that it is a taboo for any couple to be continually blessed with female children. This notion has often made people ask question about the sex of a child whenever a woman is delivered of a new baby.

It is not uncommon, therefore, to acknowledge the fact that male children are often looked up to as those who will procreate through marriage to sustain the lineage of their families. Unfortunately as the scenario appears to be, several male children who were welcomed with dancing at their births sometimes end up as armed robbers touts or political thugs. A far cry from the expectations of their parents especially and the society in general.

Another factor is the confidence that fathers repose in their male children on important issues that relate to the survival of their families. As an example, a father would rather prefer to discuss his bank account, his business dealings, his state of health, his involvement in nefarious activities and so on with his son instead of his daughter even though his daughter may be a senior to his son. Lately, I have seen fathers get worried about the behavior of their sons yet feel indifferent to the manner their daughters live their lives.

Several parents also usually believe that the presence of male children in families automatically protects their households from unwanted external aggression. Perhaps to some extent, I seem to agree with this assumption. I base my argument on the fact that a boy would surely slug it out with another boy who far any reason at all, beats up his sisters. Girls would usually scream and curse therefore, such a situation would affect a father psychologically.

QUESTIONS:
1. Africans welcome the arrival of baby boys with a/an . . .
A. heroic ovation
B. cold attitude
C. indifference
D. joint efforts
E. non-chalant attitude

2. By inference from the passage, Africans . . .
A. place more value on baby girls
B. Often place more value on baby girls
C. Place less value on the sex of a child
D. Place greater value on baby boys
E. Place much-less value on baby boys

3. According to the second paragraph, it is ironical that . . .
A. children often betray the trust parents have in them.
B. male children often betray the trust parents have in them.
C. female children often betray the trust their parents have in them.
D. female children often prove their parent right.
E. male children often prove their parents wrong.

4. Africans usually ask for the sex of the new babies because of the . . .
A. respect and affection they have for the baby girls.
B. discriminatory tendencies
C. great concern for female children
D. beliefs about child sex
E. love and concern for them.

5. One of the factors that endears male children to Africans is . . .
A. their fathers and they are at variance.
B. they usually love to fees their parents.
C. father’s affection for them is stronger.
D. they can be fathers’ confidants.
E. they can be sometimes offensive.

SECTION 2 (LEXIS AND STRUCTURE)






LESSON 3
ASPECT: Structure
TOPIC: Review of Nouns and Pronouns
A noun is a word used as the name of a person or a thing. In the following examples, the nouns are underlined.
He opened the parcel.
She is a student.
The weather is warm.
A cat is sitting on the steps.

Proper nouns
Names of individual persons or things are referred to as proper nouns. In English, proper nouns must begin with a capital letter. The underlined words in the following sentences are proper nouns.
e.g. The capital of England is London.
My friend, George, is an American.

COUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nouns are nouns which can form a plural, and which can be preceded by a, an, or a number. In the following examples, the countable nouns are underlined.
e.g. A bus is coming.
You may need an umbrella.
Here are two books.
Twenty students are present.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Some English nouns usually cannot form a plural or be preceded by a, an or a number. Because they usually cannot be preceded by a number, such nouns can be referred to as uncountable. English uncountable nouns include:
a) nouns naming intangible things which normally cannot be counted:
e.g. honesty
courage
impatience

b) nouns naming tangible things which are thought of as substances:
e.g. butter
milk
sand

c) nouns naming groups of things which in English are referred to collectively:
e.g. furniture
luggage
news

d) names of languages:
e.g. English
German
Spanish

An uncountable noun takes a singular verb.
e.g. Honesty is a virtue.
Butter tastes good.
Furniture was provided.

PRONOUNS
Pronouns are words which can be used in the place of nouns.
In the following examples, pronouns are used in the place of nouns, instead of repeating the nouns.
e.g. I saw a boy on the steps. He seemed to recognize me.
My friend and her brother like to ski. They ski whenever they can.
In the first example, the pronoun he is used instead of repeating the noun boy. In the second example, the pronoun they is used instead of repeating the nouns friend and brother.

Types of Pronouns
1. Personal Pronouns
The personal pronouns in the following sentences are underlined.
E.g. She will do the work herself.
They gave it to him.
We want to know who was there.

The subjective case
The following English personal pronouns are usually referred to as indicated below:

Singular ----Plural
First Person ---- I ---- we
Second Person---- you ---- you
Third Person ---- he, she, it ---- they

Thus, I is referred to as the first person singular; we is referred to as the first person plural; you is referred to as the second person; he, she and it are referred to as the third person singular; and they is referred to as the third person plural.

These pronouns are said to be in the subjective case, because they can each be used as the subject of a verb. In the following examples, the personal pronouns in the subjective case are underlined.
e.g. I am ready.
He is fortunate.
She is a teacher.
It is raining.
We are coming.
You are right.
They are determined.

The objective case
Objects of verbs have already been discussed in the chapter on transitive and intransitive verbs. When a personal pronoun is the object of a verb, the pronoun must be in the objective case. In the following sentences, the pronouns in the objective case are underlined.
e.g. They need me.
We like you.
They understand him.
I wanted her to help them.
We mended it yesterday.
As shown in the following table, each personal pronoun in the subjective case has a corresponding form in the objective case.

Personal pronouns in the subjective and objective cases
Subjective Case ----Objective Case
I ---- me
you ---- you
he ---- him
she ---- her
it ---- it
we ---- us
they---- them

It can be seen that only the personal pronouns you and it have the same form in the objective case as in the subjective case.
When a personal pronoun is the subject of a verb, the subjective form of the pronoun must be used.
e.g. I understand what you mean.
He saw the comet.
In these sentences, the underlined pronouns are the subjects of the verbs understand and saw; therefore, the subjective forms I and he must be used.

When a personal pronoun is the object of a verb, the objective form of the pronoun must be used.
e.g. My friends understand me.
We saw him last night.
In these sentences, the underlined pronouns are the objects of the verbs understand and saw; therefore, the objective forms me and him must be used.

Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns may be used without antecedents. The indefinite pronouns in the following sentences are underlined.
e.g. One cannot believe everything one hears.
I will try to think of something.
Nobody will believe it!
Is there anyone here by the name of Smith?

Reciprocal Pronouns
Reciprocal pronouns refer to persons or things which are acting on each other. In English, the following two phrases are used as reciprocal pronouns:
each other
one another

Both phrases may be used to refer to either persons or things.
e.g. You and I saw each other last week.
The houses faced each other.

The two friends helped one another with their work.
The wires were touching one another.

Demonstrative Pronouns
The words this, that, these and those are used to indicate specific persons or things. In the following examples, the words this, that, these and those are used independently, and can be referred to as demonstrative pronouns.
e.g. This is an apple pie.
That is a good idea.
These are my friends.
Those are maple trees.

The words this, that, these and those can also be used immediately preceding a noun, in which case they can be referred to as demonstrative adjectives.
e.g. This pie is made with apples.
That idea seems practical.
These people are my friends.
Those trees are maples.
In the preceding examples, this, that, these and those act as adjectives, modifying the nouns pie, idea, people and trees, respectively.

This and these are used to indicate persons or things that are close to the speaker or writer. This takes a singular verb, and is used when referring to a single person or thing.
e.g. This is my brother.
This book belongs to him.

These takes a plural verb, and is used when referring to more than one person or thing.
e.g. These are my brothers.
These books belong to him.

Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are used in asking questions. The pronouns who, what and which are used as interrogative pronouns.
e.g. Who telephoned?
What did you say?
Which is your brother?

Relative Pronouns
A pronoun which is used to begin a subordinate clause can be referred to as a relative pronoun, since it indicates the relationship of the subordinate clause to the rest of the sentence.

For instance, the underlined words in the following sentences are relative pronouns.
e.g. The woman who is standing near the window is a doctor.
The door, which was bright red, was very conspicuous.
Have you found the book that was missing?
A subordinate clause which is introduced by a relative pronoun is often referred to as a relative clause.

EVALUATION
A. Point out the pronouns in the following sentences:
1. Did you say that she spins gold?
2. He ought to know what she can do.
3. If you can’t make gold, I’ll cut off your head.
4. I cannot pay you for I haven’t any money.
5. I wish she would come and help me.
6. I wonder where he is. Can I call him?
7. Who is she? Why is she here?
8. When I went to visit my parents last year, I travelled in a lorry that had a careless driver who alarmed all his passengers by driving very fast.

LESSON 4
TOPIC: Review of Monophthongs
There are forty-four sound segments in English, comprising twenty vowels and twenty-four consonants. The production of the vowels takes place as the airstream flows from the lungs to the mouth without any obstruction.

The vowels in English are classified into two main groups: pure vowels (also called monophthongs) and diphthongs. The pure vowels are sub-classified into short vowels and long vowels. These pure vowels are listed below with examples of words where they occur:
1. /i: / e.g. beat, seat, neat, feet.
2. /i/ e.g. bit, sit nymph, village.
3. /e/ e.g. bed, bread, said, bury.
4. /æ/ e.g. cat, lack, pack, rat.
5. /a: / e.g. car, dart, calm, heart.
6. /ᴐ/ e.g. pot, what, gone, wash.
7. /ᴐ:/ e.g. war, pork, saw, bought.
8. /u/ e.g. put, foot, book, could.
9. /u: / e.g. pool, blue, screw, shoe.
10. /^/ e.g. cut, come, blood, country.
11. /ᶟ:/ e.g. first, purse, earn, bird.
12. /ᵊ/ e.g. about, baker, sailor, teacher.

https://youtu.be/72M770xTvaU




LESSON 5
TOPIC: WRITING
SUB-TOPIC: NARRATIVE ESSAY
Narrative essay is the essay in which you tell the story of past events.ie when you give account of the past. The story should be true to life. In most cases, past tense verb is predominantly used. Examples of narrative essay topics:
(a) My First Day in School
(b) How I Spent My last Holiday.
(c) The Day I will never Forget In my Life.
(d) My Last Birthday. Etc.

EVALUATION: What is a narrative essay?




LESSON 6
TOPIC: LITERATURE
SUB-TOPICS: Types of Prose
Features of Prose
CONTENT:
A Prose is a written or spoken language that is not in verse form. It’s structure is in terms of sentences and paragraph.

TYPES OF PROSE
Narrative Prose: This is a prose work that tells story
Descriptive Prose: This is a prose work that describes a thing, a person, a place, an event etc.
Features of Prose/Elements of Literature in a Prose Work
Plot, style, setting, theme, character, characterization.

PLOT: This is the arrangement or organization of events in a work of art. It follows the principles of cause and effect.

STYLE: It is the way a writer writes his work.

SETTING: This is the totality of the environment of a story. It refers to the period, place, atmosphere, etc.

THEME: This is the central or main idea that is discussed in a novel. It is what the work is all about, that is, the major message that is discussed in the work.

CHARACTER: The people that act in a play.

CHARACTERIZATION: This is the way the author reveals the peculiar qualities of his characters. It is also the way the author makes the characters seem real.

EVALUATION: LITERARY TERMS

Instruction: Choose from alternative A-E, the one that correctly answers the questions.
1. Adekunle fought like lion on the field is an example of . . .
A. simile
B. metaphor
C. exaggeration
D. hyperbole
E. oxymoron

2. Which of the following is personification?
A. He is hare on the field
B. The sun smiled and everywhere became bright
C. Our teacher talks like a parrot
D. The boy is coming
E. He does it mechanically

3. Setting in literature means;
A. The chief character in the story
B. The book
C. The place where the story took place
D. The actors’ orderliness before performance
E. The prologue

4. He is a lion on the field is an example of . . .
A. simile
B. oxymoron
C. satire
D. metaphor
E. hyperbole

5. The writer of a poem is called . . .
A. pottery
B. poeter
C. character
D. hero
E. poet

6. Which of the following is not a figure of speech?
A. paradox
B. oxymoron
C. euphemism
D. genre
E. personification

7. Which of the following is an example of oxymoron?
A. Man proposes, God disposes.
B. Attack is the best form of defence.
C. The matter is an open secret.
D. I came, I saw, I conquered.
E. The child is father of the man.

8. Non-fiction exists in two forms.
A. Drama and Biography
B. Fiction and Non-fiction
C. Autobiography and Poetry
D. Pose and Autobiography
E. Biography and Autography

9. A drama that is full of sensational events and exaggerated characters often with a happy ending is called . . .
A. melodrama
B. romance
C. tragic-comedy
D. historical drama
E. tragedy

10. A poem that tells a story is a/an
A. elegy
B. ballad
C. pastoral
D. sonnet
E. dirge


Out Of His Mind by Bayo Adebowale
1. …………argued Alamu’s case in the court.
A. Adio B. Olaoye C. Zenabu D. Esuniyi
2. Adio and Alamu attended the same …………..
A hospital B college C. church D. university
3. …………..stole for Mama.
A. Adio B. Esuniyi C. Labake D. Zenab
4. Mama lived at…………
A.Oke-Ado B. Agbeni C. Dugbe D.District
5. All the problems started when Alamu lost his ……………….
A car B. files C. job D. radio


Like Father Like Son by Kayode Adeyemo
1 ……………is the name of the bookseller.
A. Seyi Kelani B. Olatunde Johnson C. Babatunde Amosun D. Buraimo
2 Who called Yomi to sweep the Library?
A. Mr. Abiodun B.Mrs Redford C. Deji D. Brother Jimmy.
3. Each student was to pay ………….for the end of the term party.
A. #500 B. #300 C.#100 D.#400
4. The money stolen from Seyi Kelani was kept in his…………
A. bag B. book C. pocket D. locker
5. Yomi was given …………strokes of cane.
A. 7 B.6 C.5 D.4


The Ambitious Village Boy- Dili Nwankwo
1.The gang consisted of …………original members.
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 3
2.”Being sent overseas” means …………..
A. going abroad B. traveling by boat C. travelling to another country D .to be killed.
3. Obinna was sentenced to …………..imprisonment.
A. seven years B. criminal C. life D. twenty years
4. Obinna attended …………’s College.
A. St. Andrew B. St. Gregory C. St Gwen D. St. Anthony
5…………...necklaces were tied round Chike and Obinna’s necks
A. string B. Snail-shell C. Gold D. Ring

LESSON 7
ASPECT: Speech Work
TOPIC: Diphthongs
CONTENT:
Diphthong is a Greek word which means “double sound”. The articulation of diphthongs involves a glide from one vowel quality to the other. A diphthong is therefore a vowel which changes its quality in the process of its articulation.
/ei/ e.g. gate, cake, take, place, date, gauge etc.
/əᴜ/ e.g. home, go, owl, own, etc
/ai/ e.g. buy, five, rice, write, kite, fry, price etc.
/au/ e.g. how, cloud, out, house, blouse, browse etc.
/ ↄi / e.g. boy, joy, toy, oil, toil coin, boil etc .
/ iə / e.g. here, ear, idea, fear, beer ,rear etc.
/ eə / e.g. air, their, where, hair, fair etc
/ᴜә/ e.g. during, pure, sure, tour…

https://youtu.be/d1HZPx8DuDw





LESSON 8
ASPECT: Literature
TOPIC: Poetry; Themes, features, structure, language
Themes of poetry
These refer to the main idea in a poem that is the subject matter of a poem this could be love, nature, beauty, etc.

Features and structure of poetry
A poem is always written in verse. Poetry uses language in a compressed form. It expresses real life.

The language of poetry.
The language of poetry refers to its elements. These elements are as follows:
1. Imagery: Images are created in poetry by means of figures of speech.
2. Rhythm: This refers to the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables.
3. Sound: Sound is one of the simple elements that compose vocal utterance.

A figure of speech is a use of a word diverging from its usual meaning, or a special repetition, arrangement or omission of words with literal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it, such as a metaphor, simile, hyperbole, personification, oxymoron, anti-thesis.

Hyperbole ('exaggeration') is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but is not meant to be taken literally.
Hyperboles are exaggerations to create emphasis or effect.

As a literary device, hyperbole is often used in poetry, and is frequently encountered in casual speech. An example of hyperbole is: "The bag weighed a ton." Hyperbole helps to make the point that the bag was very heavy, although it is not probable that it would actually weigh a ton.
1. If your right eye causes you to sin, pluck it out and throw it away... (Matt. 5:29).
2. I could eat an ox.
3. If I've told you once I've told you a thousand times. Don't exaggerate.
4. Funmi’s beauty sends men crazy.
5. Ten thousand oceans cannot wash away my guilt.

Simile: The figure of speech called simile is denoted by an indirect comparison effected through the use of two key words namely as or like.
Examples:
1. Samson is as strong as a lion.
2. Jude’s skin is as black as the bottom of a cooking pot.
3. Duduyemi is gentle like a dove.
4. The head is like the shape of a ram’s scrotum.
5. Eze was happy as a lark.

Metaphor is the concept of understanding one thing in terms of another. A metaphor is a figure of speech that constructs an analogy between two things or ideas; the analogy is conveyed by the use of a metaphorical word in place of some other word. E.g.
"Her eyes were glistening jewels".
1. "Men's words are bullets, that their enemies take up and make use of against them."
2. "A man may break a word with you, sir, and words are but wind."
3. "The rain came down in long knitting needles."
4. "Language is a road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where they are going."
5. "Memory is a crazy woman that hoards colored rags and throws away food."
6. “Time is a dressmaker specializing in alterations."

Personification is when you assign the qualities of a person to something that isn't human, or in some cases to something that isn't even alive. There are many reasons for using personification.
The following are examples of personification.
1. The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky.
2. The run down house appeared depressed.
3. The first rays of morning tiptoed through the meadow.
4. She did not realize that opportunity was knocking at her door.
5. He did not realize that his last chance was walking out the door.

Irony: This involves the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. A situation where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance or presentation of idea.
Examples
i. The boy is so intelligent that he failed his exam.
ii. The students are so respectful that they insult their teacher.
Pun: A play or on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on similar sense or sound of different word.
Examples.
i. Santa’s helpers are subordinate clauses.
ii. The pastor preyed on the lady (note the use of prey for pray).
iii. Lady, I am a shoe maker, come let me mend your soul (note the use of soul for the sole of a shoe).

Alliteration: It is a sound device which involves the repetition of the same consonant sound in sequence. E.g
Mummy, make indomie for me. (Repetition of /m/ sound)
Some students saw Smith stone the squirrel. (Repetition of /s/ sound)
She gave birth to a Bouncing baby boy
Dusk demand day light
Private personal preparation prevents poor public performance. (repetition of /p/)

Assonance: It is a device involving the repetition of the same vowel sound in words which occur in succession e.g
The boy wet his bed and his belt. (Repetition of /e/ sound)
Phoebe beats the tree with a key. (repetition of /i:/ sound).





LESSON 9
ASPECT: Structure
TOPIC: Review of Verbs and Adverbs
A verb is a kind of word that usually tells about an action or a state and is the main part of a sentence. Every sentence has a verb. In English, verbs are the only kind of word that changes to show past or present tense. Verbs are words used to express action, condition, or a state of being. They are used in speech to move the meanings of sentences along.
An action verb expresses an action. Words such as throw, create, and draw express physical action. Mental actions can be expressed by words such as believe, desire, and visualize. Verbs such as be and feel are used to show states of being. Helping verbs, or auxiliary verbs, are used to help the main verb express action or create verb phrases. Some examples of auxiliary verbs are would, might and am.

ADVERBS
Words which are used to modify verbs or adjectives are usually referred to as adverbs. For instance, the adverbs in the following sentences are printed in bold type, and the words they modify are underlined.
e.g. I often visit the library.
It is surprisingly hot today.
In the first example, the adverb often modifies the verb visit. In the second example, the adverb surprisingly modifies the adjective hot.

Words which are used to modify adverbs can also be referred to as adverbs.
e.g. The train travels very quickly.
In this example, the adverb very modifies the adverb quickly.
Kinds of Adverbs
Adverbs of Manner
She moved slowly and spoke quietly.

Adverbs of Place
She has lived on the island all her life.
She still lives there now.

Adverbs of Frequency
She takes the boat to the mainland every day.
She often goes by herself.

Adverbs of Time
She tries to get back before dark.
It's starting to get dark now.
She finished her tea first.
She left early.

Adverbs of Purpose
She drives her boat slowly to avoid hitting the rocks.
She shops in several stores to get the best buys.

Positions of Adverbs
One of the hallmarks of adverbs is their ability to move around in a sentence. Adverbs of manner are particularly flexible in this regard.
• Solemnly, the minister addressed her congregation.
• The minister solemnly addressed her congregation.
• The minister addressed her congregation solemnly.

EVALUATION
A. Choose the correct words in the brackets to complete each sentence:
1. Sam sat between you and (I, me).
2. (She, he) and (me, I) came to school together.
3. Hector sat at table to dine with you and (he, him).
4. Let (he, him) stand between (she, her) and (I, me)
5. Janet did worse than (him, he).
6. The oranges were meant for you and (I, me) not for you and (he, him).
7. It is not possible for (he, him) and (I, me) to go.

1. Underline the correct verbs from the bracket in each of the following sentences.
i. The chair and the table (are, is) in the room.
ii. Each of the girls (are, is) in the field.
iii. One if the runners (have, has) fallen.
iv. Either Joy or Jane (have, has) a clock.
v. Neither they nor I (are, am) lazy at work.




LESSON 10
ASPECT: Composition
TOPIC: Review of Descriptive Essay
DESCRIPTIVE COMPOSITION: It is one that is written to give the reader a mental picture of a person, object or place. The composition should be written in such a way that the reader will have a good picture of the person, place or object in his mind. E.g. ”Describe your school compound for someone who has not been there”.

Elements of Composition
Introduction, body, conclusion, pre-writing, writing, arrangement of ideas, editing

EVALUATION:
1. List and explain the types of composition.
2. “Describe the teacher you liked best in your primary school”. What type of composition is this?

ASSIGNMENT
Choose the word that has the same vowel sound as the sound represented by the underlined letter(s) in the given word.
1. coin
(a) lawn (b) coy (c) alone (d) corn

2. oil
(a) yell (b) buoy (c) quay (d) toll

3. boil
(a) south (b) sower (c) sound (d) coy

4. port
(a) cot (b) dawn (c) part (d) done

5. month
(a) boss (b) bone (c) rust (d) born

6. force
(a) worse (b) pause (c) bus (d) yarn

7. flock
(a) love (b) onion (c) bottle (d) saw

8. plot
(a) wonder (b) border (c) ponder (d) month

9. port
(a) word (b) board (c) pod (d) tough

10. fork
(a) work (b) story (c) worry (d) hurry

11. thought
(a) lock (b) purse (c) wonder (d) laudable

12. bought
(a) grouse (b) loss (c) worse (d) horse

13. bottle
(a) holy (b) prowess (c) grover (d) modern

14. cause
(a) work (b) cork (c) mock (d) double


15. boy
(a) choir (b) foil (c) coincide (d)chamois


From the words lettered A to D, choose the word that contains the sound represented by the given phonetic symbol.
16. /ɔi/
(a) yell (b) holy (c) boy (d) idiot

17. /ɔi/
(a) Oyster (b) lure (c) couch (d) theory

18. /ai/
(a) stale (b) train (c) rain (d) dye

19. /ɔ: /
(a) lock (b) nought (c) drought (d) watch

20. /ɔi/
(a) watch (b) hoist (c) bond (d) worry


POEMS
“ Let’s Live in Peace” Micheal Dei-Anang
Questions:
1. Humans will be identified with ………….. at last
(a) Dust (b) stone (c) water (d) bread

2. ………. blows out human lives
(a) Candle (b) Tropic storm (c) Wind (d) Air

3. ………… and……… foul the rivers of time.
(a) Dirt, water (b) Excreta, dirt (c) Native stress, strife (d) Strife,water

4. Life is marred by dark blots of river of violent………….
(a) fight (b) struggle (c) blood (d) stress

5. The …………… representing our problems remain on earth and rot three.
(a) huts (b) houses (c) water (d) blood.

“ Piano and Drum” by Gabriel Okara
Questions:
6. The leopard represents ………. Culture.
(a) African (b) European (c) Asian (d) American

7. Diminuendo is a word in the ………….. field of endeavour.
(a) educational (b) scientific (c) musical (d) religious

8. The poet finds himself in his mother‘s lap ………………
(a working (b) playing (c) jumping (d)suckling

9. Which two cultures are compared in the poem?
(a) Afrrican,European (b) African Asian (c) European, Asian
(d) American, European

10. There is a ………… piano in the poem.
(a) Crying (b waillng (c) noisy (d) playing

“Soweto Sunrise” by Sulu Molefe
Questions:
11. What burns what ?
(a) Sun, air (b) sea, sun (c) sun, sky (d) sky, sun

12. Rivers of……… flood the houses.
(a) gold (b) water (c) blood (d) sun

13. What does the poet regard as beautiful?
(a) sun (b) soweto (c) rivers (d) sky

14. The school children get to the new light by………….
(a) running (b) crawling (c) jumping (d) swimming

15. “Rhythms of early ……….. pulse through the earth”
(a) traffic (b) bird (c) people (d) workers

LESSON 11
ASPECT: Structure
TOPIC: Review of Adjectives
Adjectives are very useful words. They add information to sentences by telling us more about nouns and pronouns, usually by describing, identifying, or quantifying those words. Adjectives usually come before the words they modify, but sometimes follow linking verbs. Here are two examples. She is a nice woman. That woman is nice. Quantifying adjectives come in the form of articles and numbers such as an, and twenty-one.



LESSON 12
ASPECT: Speech work
TOPIC: Consonant Sounds
There are twenty-four consonant sounds in English Language. The consonants differ from the vowels in one important way: when a vowel is produced, air flows from the lungs without any obstruction but when a consonant is produced, the flow of air from the lungs is interrupted somewhere in the buccal cavity (mouth).

A consonant is, therefore, a speech sound which is produced with the obstruction of airstream. The obstruction could be ‘partial’ or ‘total’.
The voiceless sounds are /p, t, k, f, s, ʃ, ϴ, ʧ, h/.
https://youtu.be/zoarwB-7O_c

1. /p/ - This is a voiceless bilabial plosive sound. It can be realized at the initial, medial and the final positions.
Examples: pen, peg, paid, leg, keeper, happy, lip, cheap, ship etc.
Note that /p/ is silent when it precedes‘s’, ‘n’ and some other words like: corps, receipt, psalm, psychiatry, pneumatic, pneumonia etc.
Also, ‘ph’ is pronounced as /f/ and /v/ in certain words such as physics, phobia, phase, Stephen, nephew. Yet, only /p/ is pronounced in ‘shepherd’ while ‘h’ is silent though both combined in the word.

2. /t/ - It is a voiceless alveolar plosive sound. The spelling symbols for /t/ include:
‘t’ – ten, take, tip, bet, feet, cheat.
‘tt’ – letter, better, matter, bottle.
‘th’ – Thames, Thomas, Theresa, thyme.
‘ed’ – looked, booked, cooked.
The ‘t’ is not actually pronounced in words like ‘Christmas’, ‘castle’, ‘listen’, ‘wrestle’, ‘often’, ‘apostle’, ‘pestle’, ‘nestle’, ‘butcher’, ‘ballet’, ‘soften’, ‘sachet’, ‘depot’, ‘duvet’.
Like /p/, /t/ occurs at the initial, medial and final position in words like ten, tone, letter, better, butt, note.

3. /k/ - This consonant, which is a voiceless velar plosive, has many spelling symbols as shown below:
‘k’ – king, keep, kit.
‘c’ – cat, cap, catch.
‘cc’ – account, accuse, accost.
‘ch’ – chemical, chemistry, school.
‘q’ – queen, liquor, quack.
‘ck’ – back, lack, peck.
‘x’ – anxious, six, axe.
The ‘k’ is usually not pronounced before ‘n’ at the beginning of words like ‘know’, ‘knot’, ‘knock’, ‘know’, ‘knight’, ‘knee’, ‘knowledge’, ‘knit’.

4. /f/ - This consonant, a voiceless labio-dental fricative, has the following spelling symbols:
‘f’ – feet, fish, faint, leaflet, beef, thief.
‘ph’ – phone, physics, phobia, pharmacy, nephew.
‘gh’ – laugh, tough, cough, trough, enough.
‘ff’ – off, stiff, stuff, staff.

5. /ϴ/ - This consonant, a voiceless dental fricative, has ‘th’ as the only spelling symbol. It occurs at both the initial and final positions in words. Examples are: thank, thorn, through, thick, think, thin, thief, third, thought, pith, path, oath, earth, cloth, moth, north, both, wrath, breath, sheath, bath.

6. /s/ - This consonant, a voiceless alveolar fricative, has the following spelling symbols as it occurs at the initial and final positions:
‘s’ – sit, seat, song, some.
‘sc’ – science, scissors, obscene, muscle.
‘c’ – cease, cinema, civilian, civilize.
‘ss’ – kiss, miss, piss, press.
‘x’ – axe, six, xmas, x-ray.
‘ce ’- race, pace, peace, advice.
‘se’ – loose, decease.
This‘s’ is usually silent in the following words: aisle, isle, island.

7. /ʃ/ - This consonant, a voiceless palato-alveolar fricative, has many spelling symbols which occur at the initial and final positions:
‘sh’ – shop, sharp, push, dish.
‘s’ – sugar, sure, pretension.
‘sc’ – special, conscience, official.
‘c’ – ocean.
‘ch’ – machine, moustache, champagne, chagrin.
‘ti’ – patience, mention, question.
‘ss’ – mission, passion, pressure.

8. /ʧ/ - This consonant, a voiceless palate-alveolar affricate, has the following spelling symbols:
‘ch’ – chop, cheap, coach, ditch.
‘-ture’ – nature, culture, future, rapture.
‘-teous’ – righteous.
‘-tu’ – fortune, fortunate, mortuary, obituary.
‘-tual’ – ritual, punctual, actual, mutual.

9. /h/ - This consonant, a voiceless glottal fricative has these spelling symbols:
‘h’ – hat, head, behind, perhaps.
‘wh’ – who, whole, whore.
This consonant does not occur at the end of a word and it is not pronounced at the beginning of words like ‘hour’, ‘honour’, and ‘heir’. Though it occurs at the initial and medial positions as it does in the following words: hit, hall, hood, hawk, home, herd, hide, whole, whore, whom, behave, adhere, abhor, rehearse, inhale, inherit.

The voiced consonants are as follows:
/b/ - This consonant, a voiced bilabial plosive, can occur at the initial, medial, and final positions. Its spelling symbols are:
‘b’ – bin, ban, bat, labour, tab, mob, nib.
‘bb’ – babble, blabber, bubble.
Note that ‘b’ is silent when:
a. It precedes‘t’ e.g. debt, doubt, subtle.
b. It succeeds ‘m’ lamb, tomb, bomb, comb, dumb, plumber, climb, plumb, crumb.
However, it is pronounced in chamber, member, timber, timbre, September, November, December.
1. /d/ - This consonant, a voiced alveolar plosive, has only three spelling symbols which are shown below:
‘d’ – dam, don, dog, mad, nod, border.
‘dd’ – muddy, cuddy, peddle.
‘ed’ – claimed, moved, failed, agreed.
It is silent in handsome, handkerchief, sandwich.

2. /g/ - This consonant, a voiced velar plosive, has the following spelling symbols:
‘g’ – get, gum, gut, dog, leg, sag, tug, mug.
‘gg’ – begger, digger, trigger.
‘gh’ – ghost, ghastly, afghan, aghast, ghetto.
The ‘g’ is not pronounced before ‘n’ at the beginning or end of words such as: gnaw, gnash, gnat, sign, reign, foreign, feign and before ‘m’ at the end of words such as paradigm and diaphragm.

3. /v/ - This consonant, a voiced labio-dental fricative, has these spelling symbols as it occurs at the initial, medial and final positions:
‘v’ – vane, view, vast, voice, bevy, Steven, naïve, weave, starve, lever, leave.
‘ph’ – Stephen, nephew.
‘f’ – of.

4. /ð / - This consonant, a voiced dental fricative, has only ‘th’ as spelling symbol, e.g. than, that, this, those, thee, bathe, writhe, loathe, soothe, clothe.

5. /z/ - This consonant, a voiced alveolar fricative, has the following spelling symbols as it occurs at the initial, medial and final positions:
‘z’ – zip, zoom, zombie, zero, zebra, fez, ooze.
‘s’ – fees, nose, kings, bees, has, busy, music.
‘zz’ – buzz, muzzle, fuzz, fuzzy.
‘x’ – exact, example, examination, anxiety.
‘se’ – muse, cruise, tease, please, lose, advise.

6. /ʒ / - This consonant, a voiced palato-alveolar fricative, occurs at the medial position. It has the following spelling symbols:
‘s’ – usual, leisure, measure, treasure, casual.
‘z’ – seizure.
‘si’ – vision, cohesion, erosion, evasion, decision.
‘ge’ – prestige, beige, genre, rouge, camouflage.

7. /ʤ / - This consonant, a voiced palate-alveolar affricate, has these spelling symbols:
‘j’ – joy, join, jest, John, major, jail.
‘g’ – gin, giant, danger, margin, magic, suggest.
‘ge’ – merge, message, manage, marriage, damage.
‘dg’ – judge, bridge, fridge, edge, ridge.
‘d’ – soldier, gradual, graduate.

8. /l/ - This consonant, a voiced alveolar lateral, occurs at the initial, medial and final positions. Its spelling symbols are ‘l’ and ‘ll’ as shown below:
‘l’ – Lord, lack, law, flew, blame, claim, belt.
‘ll’ – ball, call, kill, hill, bill.
However, ‘l’ is silent in words like: palm, walk, yolk, could, balm, talk, should, would.

9. /r/ - This consonant, a voiced alveolar frictionless liquid, occurs at the initial and medial positions. Its spelling symbols include:
‘r’ – rate, rock, rag, derive, parade, pry.
‘wr’ – wrong, wrestle, write, wrist, wreath.
‘rr’ – ferry, carry, hurry, marry, arrange, barrel.

10. /w/ - This consonant, a voiced bilabial consonant, has the following spelling symbols:
‘u’ – suite, square, squash, guava, guano.
‘w’ – well, witch, were, swim, always, wear.
‘wh’ – where, when, what, why, which, whip.
‘qu’ – queen, quick, quack, banquet, squash.
‘ch’ – choir.
‘o’ – one.
However, /w/ is silent in sword, who, two and answer.

11. /j/ - This consonant, a voiced palatal consonant, does not occur at the medial and final positions. Its spelling symbols are as follows:
‘y’ – yet, yam, yes, young, year, yell.
‘ew’ – few, new, stew, view.
‘eau’ – beauty.
‘ui’ – suit, tuition.
‘u’ – tune.

NASALS: The nasal sounds in English are consonants which are produced when the soft palate is lowered to close the oral cavity so that airstream passes through the nasal cavity.

12. /m/ - This consonant, a voiced bilabial nasal, occurs at the initial, medial and final positions. The spelling symbol is usually ‘m’. Examples: man, mark, make, mean, mine, cram, lame, steam, clamp, calm, bomb, mummy, grammar.

13. /n/ - This consonant, a voiced alveolar nasal, has ‘n’ as its spelling symbol as it occurs in the following words: nab, net, knit, nice, nose, nib, tone, sign, banner, funnel, funny,cunny.
However, it is silent when it succeeds ‘m’ in words’ final positions as in damn, hymn, solemn, condemn, etc.

14. /Ƞ / - This consonant, a voiced velar nasal, does not occur at the beginning of a word and the spelling symbols are ‘ng’ and ‘nk’. Examples: bang, long, thank, bank, singer, sting, swing, anger, stronger etc.

The following words show the contrast between one nasal sound and another:
/m/ ---- /n/ ---- /ŋ/
mail ---- nail ---- length
some ---- son ---- song
boom ---- boon ---- booing
beam ---- bean ---- being
balm ---- barn ---- bang
bomb ---- born ---- long

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdRmGvm ... E02447DC07

EVALUATION
From the words lettered A to D, choose the word that has the same consonant sound(s) as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.
16. cause
A. zoom B. course C. measure D. bats

17. loose
A. lose B. whose C. zoo D. toss

18. vain
A. bane B. faint C. vest D. pain

19. half
A. halves B. cough C. though D. hoe

20. find
A. adjust B. adjective C. double D. adjourn

21. bout
A. watch B. batted C. mortgage D. wrestle

22. wanted
A. reduce B. handsome C. sandwich D. handkerchief

23. ten
A. cared B. flogged C. nursed D. slammed.

From the words lettered A to D, choose the word that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.
24. oil
A. yell B. buoy C. quay D. toll

25. boil
A. south B. sower C. sound D. coy

26. pool
A. book B. suit C. pole D. shock

27. rude
A. room B. rout C. rum D. role

13. about
A. round (B) dough (C) thought (D) country

14. cloud
(A) route (B) bouquet (C) bowl (D) growl

From the words lettered A to D, choose the word that contains the sound represented by the given phonetic symbol.

15. /z/
(a) loss (b) cause (c) socks (d) parts

16. /s/
(a) champion (b) nose (c) archives (d) moustache

17. /ai/
(b) stale (b) train (c) rain (d) dye

18. /m/
A. home B. rugby C. bubble D. bright

19. /n/
A. sign B. damn C. longing D. hanger

20. /ŋ/
A. reign B. bring C. strange D. plunge





LESSON 13
ASPECT: COMPOSITION
TOPIC: Features and Outline of an Informal Letter
CONTENT:
Informal letters also known as private letters are letters written to your close friends, classmates and relations who are younger than you or about your age.

Features of an Informal Letter
• The writer’s address and date
• The salutation(opening greeting)E.g. My dear Mike, Dear Jenifer
• The opening paragraph(concerned with greetings and pleasantries)
• The main body of the letter
• The concluding paragraph
• The subscript or complimentary close. e.g. Yours ever, Yours affectionately, Yours sincerely.

Note the following with respect to the language of the informal letter
• The use of shortened form e.g. it’s, you’d, shouldn’t etc.
• The use of slangs
• The use of proverbs and jokes
• A general relaxed and pleasurable atmosphere created by the use of simple, chatty language.

EVALUATION:
Write a letter to your cousin telling him about a quiz competition that will take place in your school of which you will participate in and inviting him to witness it.



LESSON 14
Types of Features of Formal Letters
Content:
Formal letters are letters written on some official or business matter. Hence, they are known as official or business letters.

TYPES OF FORMAL LETTERS
1. Application for Employment.
2. Letter for Permission.
3. Letter of Apology.
4. Application for Admission to Educational institutions
5. Petitions to a Government office.
6. Letters of complaint to the police.
7. Letters of inquiry to a company.
8. Letter commenting on Editorials of Newspapers.
9. Applications for suppliers to manufacturing company.
10. Letter of Invitation.

Features of Formal Letters
1. Address of the writer and Date.
2. The recipient’s official name (designation) and Date.
3. The Salutation.
4. The Subject heading.
5. The body of the letter.
6. The complimentary close or subscript.

EVALUATION
1. Mention 3 types of formal letters
2. Outline the features of a formal letter.

(ASSIGNMENTS)
“Africa “ by David Diop

1. …………… blood is split over the fields.
(a) Green (b) Yellow (c) Black (d) Red

2. Whose/What back is bent?
(a) Africa’s (b) West’s (c) Asia’s (d) Europe’s

3. A ……….. voice answers the poet.
(a) hard (b) harsh (c) solemn (d) joyous

4. Has the poet ever seen Africa before writing this poem?
(a) Yes (b)No (c) Unsure (d) Don’t know

5. The children of ………… are slaves in the poem.
(a) Asia (b) Europe (c) West (d) Africa


“Good and Bad Children” by R.L. Stevenson
6. The poem is directed at …………
(a) adults (b)children (c) women (d) men

7. ………… become geese and gabies
(a) Good children (b) Bad adults (c) Bad children (d) Good adults

8. The poet …………. all children
(a) discourages (b) condemns (c) criticizes (d) advises

9. Bad children must never hope for …………
(a) glory (b) long life (c) failure (d) hatred

10. Walking sedately is meant for …………
(a) geese (b) good children (c) bad children (d) gabies


“Justice” by Segun Okeowo
11. ………………. Is for right actions.
(a) Humanity (b) Justice (c) Reward (d) Corruption

12. ……………… is for evil actions.
(a) Commendation (b) Condemnation (c) Justice (d) Humanity

13. Humanity in the long run will stand …………
(a) upside up (b) upside down (c) downside up (d) downside down

14. The …………. should be sustained.
(a) evil (b) honest (c) criminal (d) corrupt

15. The …………… should be despised.
(a) honest (b) right (c) human (d) corrupt

A. Change the following sentences to the Active Voice
1. My cat was attacked by your dog last Sunday.
2. The doctor is sent for by James’s father.
3. The baby was breastfed by the mother.
4. The pencil has been stolen by Jide.
5. A letter was written to Mr. Ajibade by me.
6. Many insects are eaten by birds.
7. The students are taught science by that teacher.
8. His coat was hidden in the cupboard by her.
9. An interesting book had been bought by the senior girl.
10. The stubborn girl has been spoken to by the principal.
11. George was given a new bicycle by his father.
12. The thief had been arrested by the police.
13. That bread is always sold by Mrs. Soye.
14. The corn was being planted by the farmer.
15. The photograph was taken by Miss Simbo.
16. The boy was chased by an elephant.
17. She was sent by her mother to buy a tin of milk.
18. We are taught English by Mr. Akiode, B.J.
19. A book is being read by Ibrahim.
20. By whom was the door opened.

A. Change the following sentences to Passive Voice
1. The girl could not find the flowers.
2. The old man stole two chickens.
3. The Cross saved Peter’s life.
4. John cut a cross upon the great stone.
5. The villagers liked the stone cutter very much.
6. The hungry boy ate the food.
7. We have seen the children.
8. The child was reading a book.
9. The sexton rang the bell.
10. I shall lead the party.
11. The master pushed him.
12. His voice and manner hurt his mother.
13. Who rang the bell?
14. My father forced me to sign the letter.
15. I knew him by his voice.
16. My father brings a turkey home.
17. My mother always sings beautiful hymns on Sundays.
18. The wind blows off the man’s hat.
19. The soldiers fought the enemies bravely.
20. The visitor leaves his luggage behind.

B. Put ‘A’ in front of a sentence which is in the Active Voice and ‘P’ in front of one that is in the Passive Voice.
1. Femi broke the glasses.
2. Will you tell me your name, please?
3. The team is defeated by ours.
4. The visitor is being entertained by us.
5. John had already done the work.
6. You will be given a cheque by the school bursar.
7. Tom stuck to his point.
8. The moon has disappeared behind the clouds.
9. The cat has been killed by the wild dog.
10. The blind man could not find his way.

REVIEW QUESTIONS
Choose the right word from the alternatives given to fill the gaps in the following sentences:
1. Despite all the that I did, the floor still remained dirty. A. dusting B. packing C. polishing D. scrubbing E. washing

2. At the wedding ceremony, the bridegroom watched his……………… dancing away her excitement. A. bride B. fiancée C. partner D. spouse E. wife

3. My friends are .They buy from wholesalers and sell to individual buyers. A. hawkers B. petty traders C. retail traders D. sales-girls E. sales managers

4. My father’s brother is my ………………………. A. elder brother B. nephew C. step-mother D. uncle E. young father

5. A person who hails prospective passengers into a vehicle is called…………… A. conductor B.driver C. helper D. tout E. unionist

6. My brother took ill last year but he is …………………. now. A. convalescing B. convulsing C. rehabilitating D. resuscitating E. reviving

7. A writer has to be ………………. to vividly describe scenes that he has never seen before. A. artistic B. clever C. intelligent D. imaginative E. thoughtful

8. The doctor said I was running temperature, so he had to measure my ……………………. A. blood pressure B. body heat C. heart beat D. pulse E. urine

9. Ada developed a strange mental disorder and has since been taken to a …………………………… A. maternity B. paediatric C. psychiatric D. optical E. orthopaedic

10. The people who build with stones are called …………………….. A. architects B. glaziers C. labourers D. mason E. surveyors

Complete each of the following questions with the most appropriate options lettered A-E.
11. Students should not discriminate …………………. one another. A. against B. at C. between D. for E. from

12. I saw about eleven squirrels but didn’t see ……………. birds on the tree. A. a B. any C. much D. some E. the

13. He lent his bicycle ………….. a boy he hardly knew. A. for B. from C. over D. to E. with

14. I like to sing ………………. my voice is hoarse. A. because B. but C. despite D. even though E. nevertheless

15. We were at his mercy ………………. the party lasted. A. after B. for C. since D. when E. while

16. The men ……………… tomorrow. A. are leaving B. has left C. have left D. is leaving E. leaves

17. I ………………. My friend since she went to Kaduna. A. did not see B. do not see C. had not seen D. have not seen E. was not seeing

18. Where is the woman ……………… car was stolen? A. who B. whom C. who’s D. whos E. whose

19. All men are not fools, are they? A. No, they are. B. No, they aren’t C. No, they isn’t. D. No, they weren’t E. Yes, they aren’t.

20. The boy ate all the food ……………… he? A. did B. didn’t C. does D. is E.was

Choose from the options lettered A-E the one that contains the given phonetic symbol.
21. /i/ -- A. breath B. beach C. heart D. reach E. rich
22. /æ/ -- A. bath B. father C. laugh D. marry E. serve
23. /u/ -- A. blue B. book C. chew D. food E. who
24. /ɔ: / -- A. rough B. sauce C. sorry D. sword E. watch
25. /ʌ/ -- A. come B. dog C. gone D. horse E. lawn
26. /i:/ -- A. kite B. fight C. see D. sip E. wine
27. /æ/ -- A. cart B. farm C. fame D. rake E. cap
28. /e/ -- A. pit B. sheet C. sea D. pet E. feet
29. /ɔ/ -- A. port B. pot C. court D. foam E. rum
30. /ʌ/ -- A. comb B. hope C. blood D. rope E. nurse
31. /t/ -- A. eighth B. path C. birth D. this E. ten
32. /əʊ/-- A. home B. shoe C. root D. rope E. hair
33. /d/ -- A. sacked B. kissed C. passed D. kicked E. did
34. /ei/ -- A. high B. grape C. weird D. freer E. clear
35. /g/ -- A. gear B. light C. fight D. right E. caught
36. /eə/ -- A. ear B. fear C. beard D. cheer E. hair
37. /ɔi/ -- A. hoe B. boy C. town D. row E. fowl


38. ‘Ajala walks out with slow sad steps’ is an example of: A. alliteration B. assonance C. metaphor D. pun E. simile

39. Which of the following poems is written by Niyi Osundare? A. Soweto Sunrise B. Salute to the Woman C. Piano and Drums D. Africa E. Eating with All the Fingers

40. A reference to an inanimate thing as if it were human is ………………………… A. euphemism B. irony C. metaphor D. personification E. synecdoche

Complete each of the following Questions with the most appropriate of the option lettered A- E.
41. Seedling -----------------in the plantations is very common in Tropical Africa.
A. farm B. transplant C. animal D. toys E. draft

42. ----------- is the official document that shows that permission has been granted.
A. Agriculture B. Plantation C. Letter D. Licence E. Informal letter

43. The girls -------------into thin air when they see the soldiers.
A. vanished B. flew C. rushed D. scattered E. dived

44. Whenever a vehicle is brought into the country through illegal route/border, it is said to be--------.
A. driven B. flown C. smuggled D. bought E. stolen

45. Whenever somebody wears old torn clothes, it is said to be …………….
A. Expensive B. tattered C. beautiful D. colourful E. magnificent

46. When the top soil is washed away. It is referred to as …………………. A. erosion B. slope C. contours D. bunds E. weathering

47. The house built on a piece of land that is higher on one side than the other is said to be on a ……………………….. A. flat land B. terrace C. slope D. sandy soil E. loamy soil

48. Don’t argue with your mother, it is a sign of ………………. A. disrespect B. irrespect C. misrespect D. non respect E. unrespect

49. 10% ………………. was given to me when I bought a dress in that shop. A. bonanza B. balance C. gift D. change E. discount

50. I will go and pay for the dress, ………………….. A. won’t I? B. will I? C. willn’t I? D. will you? E. won’t I?

51. ‘Did you buy the book?’ should be reported as: ‘She asked her whether she ……………….. the book.’ A. has bought B. was bought C. had bought D. had been bought E. have bought

52. ‘We collected the money from our dad’ should be reported as: He explained that they ………………. the money from their dad’. A. have collected B. collected C. has collected D. had collected E. did collected

53. She takes care of me as if she ……………… my mother. A. were B. is C. was being D. had being E. was

54. The new police station is located ……………….. A. in B. inside C. over D. across E. on

55. That glass house is the ………………. building in Abuja. A. taller B. tallest C. most tall D. tall E. more tall

56. The hoodlums made ………………… with the chairman’s bag kept in his car. A. away B. up C. inside D. out E. along

57. We are using the hall ……………… chief Dagogo built for the town. A. in which B. for which C. for D. which E. at which

58. Every student ……………….. before the principal entered the hall. A. has arrived B. have arrived C. had arrived D. arrived E. will arrive

59. There aren’t ……………….. books on the shelves. A. much B. any C. few D. a lot E. many

60. A jet is …………………. than a sports car. A. fastest B. fast C. faster D. more faster E. most faster

61. We are two hours into the programme, all our special guests ………………. have arrived by now. A. ought to B. need to C. might D. could E. had to

62. We need an experienced carpenter who ……………… repair this fragile door. A. shall B.ought to C. might D. can E. would have

63. They are there, ………………….. they? A. are B. will C. aren’t D. were E. have

64. She didn’t cook the food, …………………. She? A. didn’t B. will C. could D. did E. does

65. Obafemi scored the goal, ………………….. he? A. did B. didn’t C. does D. won’t E. could

66. Her father couldn’t pay her fees, ………………… he? A. can’t B. can C. won’t D. couldn’t E. could

67. Nigeria has paid all her debts, ………………….. she? A. has B. hasn’t C. had D. hadn’t E. won’t

68. The female footballers won the cup, ………………….. they? A. didn’t B. did C. do D. will E. could

69. We …………………… have roofed the house last month. A. shall B. win C. can D. may E. ought to

70. That tiny country ……………….. paid her foreign debt by now. A. shall have B. will have C. ought to have D. can have E. could

Choose the word that is nearest in meaning to the underlined words from the alternatives given.
71. Our young Governor is doing so much to ameliorate the suffering of the people. A. alleviate B. alternate C. consolidate D. amend E. wipe

72. The chairman received a letter of threat from an anonymous writer. A. unknown B. uncircumcised C. unmarked D. ugly E. unreasonable

73. After Uche’s accident on the motor bicycle, his left leg was amputated. A. stitched up B. cut off C. burnt D. covered E. bandaged

74. Our dynamic Governor is generous. A. selfish B. hard-fisted C. tight-fisted D. open-handed E. close-fisted

75. That new play was boring. A. interesting B. humorous C. serious D. uninteresting E. funny

76. The Governor’s maiden speech was reassuring. A. last B. first C. final D. anticipated E. bride

77. The EFCC absolved the Minister from financial mismanagement. A. involved B. docked C. charged D. condemned E. exonerated

78. The school team was highly motivated by the presence of the principal on the field. A. encouraged B. discouraged C. disenchanted D. favoured E. upgraded

79. As soon as the terrible storm finally abated, men of the fire brigade went round the town to rescue trapped people. A. went up B. shot down C. resurrected D. resumed E. subsided

80. Adams scored the winning goal but limped out of the field immediatetely. A. walked leisurely B. walked lamely C. sauntered D. crawled E. dashed

From the alternatives labelled A-E, choose the best option for the gap in each of the following sentences:
81. Since she helped him to commit the offence, she has to be treated as his_________
A. colleagues B. mate C. friend D. comrade E. accomplice

82. The whole place was filled with the ______smell of the dead dog
A. tardy B. tan C. sonorous D. putrid E. acrid

83. He was snoring ____when we found him on the bed.
A. deeply B. heavily C. hardly D. roundly E. soundly

84. We are too late to______ the last bus stop.
A. catch B. enter C. use D. join E. see

85. It is not clear yet if the Treasurer is to be held responsible for the ___ of our union`s funds.
A. misapplication B. misallocation C. misdirection D. misappropriation E. misplacement

86. Given your age, experience and academic qualifications, you appear to be quite ___for appointment to the post.
A. possible B. right C. adequate D. appropriate E. eligible

87. It is not good for children to watch ___films.
A. decent B. educative C. informal D. obscene E. edited

88. There were hens in their hundreds ____ away in cages.
A. crying B. cackling C. singing D. crowing E. shouting

89. It was a little girl who presented the visiting Governor with a ___of flowers.
A. pack B. group C. bouquet D. bundle E. band

90. Our demand is that all such repressive laws should be ____immediately.
A. repealed B. withdrawn C. expelled D. outlawed E.dismissed

Choose the best option from the alternatives labelled A-E to fill in the gap in each of the following sentences:
91. She is his ____because she is the daughter of his brother.
A. cousin B. niece C. nephew D. aunt E. half-sister

92. A___is used for keeping things in so that they can stay fresh.
A. blender B. utensil C. fringe D. grinder E. saucepan

93. It is the raining season that ______may be least required in the home.
A. ironing B. cooking C. washing –up D. dusting E. house work

94. The ____ is the person who gives us advice on both study and personal problems at school.
A. bursar B. senior tutor C. counsellor D. class teacher E. Vice-principal

95. The strange option among the following is_______
A. trailer B. jeep C. van D. taxi E. jet

96. No member would move the adoption of _____that are not considered correct records of what was said or decided at a meeting.
A. agenda B. minutes C. letters D. documents E. recommendations

97. An important document like that should have been sent by______
A. ordinary post B. postal order C. money order D. registered post E. telegram

98. Life ____ in the country has increased greatly in the last forty years.
A. expectations B. constituency C. expectancy D. confirmation
E. consultancy

99._______are advertisements that are broad cast on radio or television.
A. graphics B. commercials C. caption D. headlines E. slots

100. The sentences ‘She has broken the world record for the 100 metres’ means “She has __the world records for the 100 metres”.
A. done better than B. done as well as C. done much worse than
D. done just a little worse than E. done almost better than

“ Salute to the Woman” Segun Okeowo
1. The woman should be ……….and………
(a) loved ,hated (b) cheated ,loved ( c) loved, protected (d) protected ,hated

2. A ……………woman turns into a woman
(a) graying (b) crying (c) singing (d) ripening

3. Her ……………is the alternate bed.
(a) head (b) leg (c) back (d) womb

4. Who stands behind every man?
(a) a man (b) a woman (c) a treasure (d) a baby

5. A woman gives the …………of life.
(a) key (b) air (c) food (d) milk

“Politician’s Two Mouth”s-Niyi Osundare
1. The ………mouth has two edges
(A) truth B. truth’s C. politician’s D. whiteman’s

2. …………covers the belly of a lying wolf.
A food B. Skin C. Thin membrane D.

3. A ________should be used in gauging the politician’s talk
a. Thermometer b. gauge c. sieve d. pot

4. The Esimuda sword cuts ____
a. Everything b. slowly c. both ways d. fast

5. A believer in the politician’s talk must have his ears blocked by
a. A sieve b. a lying wolf c. an earthworm d. carcass of truth

“Eating with all the fingers” by NIyi Osundare
1. The person that wakes from sleep finds others………..
A. dancing B. eating C. farming D. singing

2. The affairs of the world are compared to people………….
A. stealing B. fighting C. running D. eating

3. The people resolve not to be
a. watchers b. voices c. greedy d. dirty

4. The individual who wakes immediately wants
a. food b. water c. dirt d. money

5. The _____________ would be told about the greedy people.
a. watchers b. voices c. eaters d. world

“Haste that makes waste” by Nnamdi Agbakoba
1. The person in ____ makes much waste.
a. Haste b. prison c. life d. school

2. When in a hurry, one derails one’s _______________
a. Train b. brain c. destiny d. season

3. All season have their ______________
a. Foods b. rainfall c. reasons d. poems

4. Early rush for “gold” is
a. Encouraged b. pens c. houses d. seasons

5.Everything done should be in their…………………….
(a) reasons (b) pens (c) houses (d) seasons

“Prisoner of War” by Nnamdi Agbakoba
1. The poet is caught in the claws of _____-
a. Lion b. cat c. sorrow d. happiness

2. The poet relates himself to a fish when he says that he is
a. Clawed b. netted c. lion d. dog

3. The __________ swallows the rabbit
a. Python b. eat c. sleep d. live

4. The poet wants to ---------------and not die
(a) dance (b) eat (c) sleep (d) live

5. Sorrow shows in the eyes of the poet because they are
(a) Sunken (b) bloodshot (c) blind (d) bleary

“Man and Nature” Rahila Diji
1. The sun is smiling like a beautiful
Leg (b) face (c) baby (d) girl

2. The “maker of harvest” is …………………
(a) rain (b) sun (c) pea (d) nature

3. …………….products are pregnant like human female gender
(a) Sun (b) Rain (c) Nature (d) Agriculture

4. “Green” in the poem represents
(a) Fertility ( b) death (c) rain (d) sun

5. ………….and man are inseparable
(a) Sun (b) Nature (c) Rain (d) Harvest