Pen-Write E-Library

NEW SCHEME OF WORK
WEEKS TOPICS
1. Revision of JSS 2 Work

2. Social Value – Trafficking in Children and Women: (a) Meaning of human trafficking. (b) Factors responsible for children and women trafficking.

3. Trafficking in Children and Women: (c) Consequences of human trafficking – Physical, Psychological and Social. (d) Preventive Measures – Public enlightenment, Education, Advocacy and Legislation, etc.

4. Harmful Traditional Practices: (a) Meaning of human traditional practices. (b) Examples of harmful traditional practices. (c) Consequences – Social Economic 1, Psychological. (d) Measure of harmful traditional practices- Public.

5. Population: (a) Meaning of population. (b) Basic unit of population – Family, Community. (c) Factors in securing population growth. (d) Population control.

6. Family Life Education: (a) Meaning of family life education. (b) Population and resources available, customs, value, beliefs and traditional gender issues and core messages (family size & family welfare). (c) Family size and consequences. (c) Census problems in Nigeria.

7. Peace: (a) Meaning of peace. (b) Types: positive peace, Negative /uneasy peace. (b) Importance of peace. (d) Ways of promoting peace – tolerance, social justice, human rights, etc.

8. Conflicts: (a) Meaning of conflict. (b) Types of conflict- non violent, violent. (c) Examples of conflict- (i) interpersonal misunderstanding, (ii)intra-national/inter-ethnic conflicts e.g. Urhobo/ Itsekiri/Izon, Kataf/ Hausa, Yoruba/Hausa,etc. conflicts. (iii) Communal /intra-ethnic conflicts e.g. Ife/Modakeke, Aguleri/Umuleri.

9. Conflicts: (d) Causes and consequences of Conflicts. (e) Conflict management and Resolution e.g. dialogue, compromise, etc.
Decision Making
- Meaning of decision making.
- Situations that require decision making.
- Importance of decision making.
- Factors that influence decision making.

10. Introduction to the Origin of Man.
- Myths and Legends, Religious Beliefs, Scientific Version

11. Revision.

LESSON 1
TOPIC: SOCIAL VALUES

SUB-TOPIC: Trafficking in Children and Women:
CONTENT: (a) Meaning of human trafficking.
(b) Factors responsible for children and women trafficking.


MEANING OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Human trafficking is the illegal trade in human beings, especially children and women for the purpose of commercial, sexual exploitation or forced labour, a modern day form of slavery. The traffickers take away the basic human rights of the victim.



Children trafficking


People are mostly trafficked through the seas, on boats and ships




FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHILDREN AND WOMEN TRAFFICKING.
Some of the reasons for children and women trafficking are:
1. LACK OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES: The economic downturn in some poor countries which have left thousands of people jobless is one of the factors responsible for trafficking in persons.

2. ORGANIZED CRIME: The traffickers for the purpose of engaging in crime lured their victims and use them for illegal and violent crimes on fees.

3. REGIONAL IMBALANCES: When the borders of some countries are very porous, it is easy to transport and harbour victims of trafficking.

4. ECONOMIC DISPARITIES: The economic situation of some countries like the less developed countries where there is high level of poverty and unemployment encourages trafficking.

5. DESIRE FOR MATERIAL BENEFITS: On the part of the parents and the women who are trafficked, desire for material benefits, money and not being contented with their position in life are other reasons.

6. CORRUPTION IN GOVERNMENT: The corruption of government officials which affect the economy of the country may encourage this kind of trade.

7. POLITICAL INSTABILITY: Political instability encourages anarchy which brings about social vices.

8. ARMED CONFLICT: During wars and international conflicts, this vice is always rampant as women and children are often abused.

9. PROFITABILITY: The profits realised by the traffickers from their victims also encourage it.

10 INSUFFICIENT PENALTIES AGAINST TRAFFICKERS: If the law recommends weak penalties for offenders, it can be encouraged.

11 INFLUENCE OF PEER-GROUP: Some people are easily influenced by their age groups who appear successful in using their bodies to make money-particularly from outside the country.

EVALUATION
1. What is trafficking in children and women?
2. Mention and explain 5 factors that are responsible for women and children trafficking.

READING ASSIGNMENT: Read chapter 1 of Macmillan JSS Social studies Book 3 by M. A Orebanjo etal pages 1-4.

ASSIGNMENT:
Objective Test:
1. Victims of human trafficking are subject to ___________ (a) Prostitution (b) Trafficking of illegal drugs (c) Smuggling of illegal goods (d) All of the above.
2. All these are factors responsible for children and women trafficking except. (a) Unemployment (b) Employment (c) Poverty (d) Low level of education.
3. All but one is a reason for child and women trafficking: (a) Affluence (b) Weak law enforcement (c) Illiteracy (d) Peer influence.
4. Which is not the best solution to ending trafficking in children and women? (a) Kill all those who trade in it (b) Legislate against the practice with stiff laws (b) Cooperate with other countries to arrest traffickers.
5. _________ is the state of being poor. (a) Poverty (b) Unemployment (c) Ignorance (d) Greed.

Essay Test:
1. Define human trafficking.
2. Identify 4 types of these practices and write short note on the four point mentioned.






LESSON 2
MAIN TOPIC: TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AND CHILDREN.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MEANING AND FACTORS OF TRAFFICKING.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al. Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. explain human trafficking is.
2. list the factors responsible for human trafficking.

CONTENTS:
WHAT IS HUMAN TRAFFICKING?
Human trafficking is the practice whereby people especially children and women are taken away from their homes to provide domestic labour or sexual services to other people, either within or outside of their country.

Child trafficking is the trade in human being involving anyone less than 18 years for the purpose of exploitation.


FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHILDREN AND WOMEN TRAFFICKING.
Many reasons have been given why people engage in human trafficking. Some of the reasons include the following.
1. Poverty.
2. Greed e.g. greediness always lure women into illegal businesses.
3. Peer group influence.
4. The quest for material benefits.
5. The depressed national economy.
6. Unemployment.
7. The need for domestic servants among urban families.
8. Prostitution.
9. The insecurity of our women and children.


EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. What is human trafficking?
2. List some of the factors responsible for human trafficking in a society.

further studies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_trafficking

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Zz7e4k ... sp=sharing
 
 
 
 
LESSON 3
MAIN TOPIC: TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AND CHILDREN.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING.
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies For JSS, by Ogunwale A., Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. list the consequences of human trafficking in a society.

CONTENTS:
CONSEQUENCES OF TRAFFICKING.
The following are the consequences of trafficking in human beings:
1. Many children are sent out of school or are not able to attend school at all.
2. It exposes the victims to killer diseases.
3. Those who engage in street trading are at the risk of being knocked down or killed by motor vehicles.
4. Girl children are always exposed to rape.
5. It has very high adverse effects on government and people in terms of expenditure spent on tracking the menace down.
6. It is a violation of the rights of the victims.
7. It threatens the existence of the child involved.
8. It prevents the child from healthy growth.
10. It tarnishes the initiative in the child.


EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK::
List the consequences of human trafficking in Nigeria.

HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
List four agencies that are working to curb human trafficking in Nigeria.

LESSON 4
TOPIC: SOCIAL VALUE: TRAFFICKING IN CHILDREN AND WOMEN:

CONTENT: (c) Consequences of human trafficking – Physical, Psychological and Social.
(d) Preventive Measures – Public enlightenment, Education, Advocacy and Legislation, etc.

CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING
The following are the consequences of human trafficking

1. PHYSICAL CONSEQUENCES
(a) Children and women who are trafficked suffer many physical damages. For example, some travel long distances, sometime in difficult terrain like desert. Many die as a result of being physically exhausted on such journeys.
(b) Children especially are subjected to physical hardship as they are used as house helpers, hawkers of goods on the roads and in market.
(c) Physical and sexual abuse of trafficking persons leads to psychological trauma and fear.
(d) Victims stand the risk of having: HIV/AIDS/STI.




2. PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
(a) The psychological effect lead to retardation in the victims lives.
(b) When children and women who are trafficked later realized the injustice and deprivation suffered as a result of being victims of human trafficking, they become depressed and ashamed of themselves and their resent past.
(c) Since the trade is carried out in the secret, those involved are afraid of to make it public. They are afraid of law enforcement agencies.
(d) The victim may end up becoming a deviant and constitute danger to the society.


3. SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
(a)No matter the money made, especially by the women involved, they are usually not respected in the society.
The women may never get someone to come and ask for her hand in marriage.
(a) The children involved may never have the opportunity to go school.
(b) These activities bring shame to the families of those involved.


EVALUATION
1. Mention 2 physical consequences of human trafficking.
2. State 1 social consequence of human trafficking.
3. Highlight 2 psychological consequences of human trafficking.

https://www.slideshare.net/Ammarfarooq5 ... g-57617267






LESSON 5
PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING
The following are the preventive measures to human trafficking
1. PUBLIC ENLIGHTENMENT: The people should be sensitized on the effects of trafficking and the need not to be deceived by the empty promises of the traffickers.

2. EDUCATION: Quality education should be made available and affordable in our communities. This can be achieved by building more schools, employing qualified teachers and provision of adequate instructional materials.

3. LEGAL SOLUTION: Government should ensure that there is legal framework that will recommend stiff measures and punishment for those who indulge in this social problem.

4. LEGISLATION: Bills against human trafficking should be sponsored and passed into law in upper and lower legislative chambers.

5. POVERTY REDUCTION: When the government ensures that the people are gainfully employed, poverty will reduce and issues of trafficking will no more be in our society.

6. EQUIPPING LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES TO DO THEIR WORK WELL: Government should equip and strengthen the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) with the responsibilities of dealing with human traffickers.

7. EMPOWERMENT: The people should be empowered to be self-reliant by giving loans and other tools to establish themselves in their areas of specialization.

8. COOPERATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING: Nigeria should seek cooperation with the rest of the world not to allow their territories to be used for human trafficking as it hurts our pride.

9. RESOLUTION BY PARENTS AND WOMEN: Parents and women should, themselves, resolve to reject further trafficking in children and women.



EVALUATION
1. List 5 preventive measures to human trafficking.
2. Explain the following (i) Empowerment (ii) Public enlightenment.
3. What is the full meaning of NAPTIP?

READING ASSIGNMENT: - Read chapter 1 of Macmillan JSS Social studies Book 3 by M. A Orebanjo etal pages 12-15.

ASSIGNMENT
Objective Test:
1. All these are preventive measures of children and women trafficking except_________ (a) Public enlightenment (b) Education (c) None of the above (d) Legislation.
2. That those involved in child trafficking are afraid to make it public is _________ (a) A social consequence (b) A physical consequence (c) A pretense consequence (d) A psychological consequence.
3. Human trafficking is ___________ (a) Selling items in traffic (b) Buying and selling human beings (c) Allowing humans to drive in traffic for long periods (d) Working as a traffic warden.
4. _________ is a factor responsible for human trafficking. (a) Illiteracy (b) Literacy (c) Decency (d) Literature.

Essay Test:
1. Mention 4 ways the society can curb the practice of human trafficking.
2. What is harmful traditional practice?

https://www.slideshare.net/nurkhairunni ... g-38375060






LESSON 6
SPECIFIC TOPIC: PREVENTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies
For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al. Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. explain ways by which human trafficking can be prevented in Nigeria.


CONTENTS:
HOW TO PREVENT HUMAN TRAFFICKING.

1. By public enlightenment campaign either at the local, state or national level.

2. Education- Children and adult education needed to be improved upon nationally.

3. Legislation by sanctioning those perpetrating human trafficking should be passed.

4. Advocacy- appeals needed to be done to the communities i.e. their leaders.

5. Campaign programmes needed to be organized in the major areas where human trafficking is rampant in the nation.

6. The economy should be improved upon in order to stem down the rate of trafficking.

7. Provision of jobs for those who are unemployed in the society.

8. Parents should teach their children morals and how to appreciate their values positively.

9. Those who engage women and girls in this illicit business should be watched closely and properly dealt with when caught.



EVALUATION/CLASSWORK:
List major ways by which human trafficking can be checked in Nigeria.


further studies
https://www.slideshare.net/avinash.rajp ... g-30379904

practice test
http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/top ... rafficking






LESSON 7
MAIN TOPIC: DECISION MAKING.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: WHAT IS DECISION MAKING.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define decision making.
2. list the factors for decision making.

CONTENTS:
WHAT IS DECISION MAKING?
This is a situation where one makes appropriate choice out of all alternatives open to us. It is also a process of providing appropriate solutions to most situation in life.
It can be on choice of career, what to eat, drink and not, who to play with e.t.c.


FACTORS.
1.A. What value do we want to have.
B. Preference on the alternatives given and to weigh which is more important.
C. How will my decision making affect my family value.

2. What are the goals I want to accomplish in life.

3. Will the consequences fill into my plans.

4. Social pressure i.e. other people>s value or mind.

5. What is the knowledge I have concerning the decision I want to make i.e. information.

6. Family's expectation.

7. Is the circumstances or situation around us lead to influence of our decision making?


EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. What is decision making?
2. List the factors that will aid decision making.

further studies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_making

LESSON 8
TOPIC: HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES
CONTENT: 1. Meaning of harmful traditional practices.
- Examples of harmful traditional practices.
2. Consequences – Social, Economic, Psychological.
3. Measures of preventing harmful traditional practices- Public.


MEANING OF HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES.
Harmful traditional practices are the customs, beliefs and ways of life which are capable of causing death, fear, stigma, diseases, and other psychological and physical pain or damage to the citizens. In other words, they are practices that could have negative effects to the health and social well being of the people. Many of these practices are passed down from generation to generation.


EXAMPLES OF HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES.
There are many practices in our various cultures which are harmful to our well being. The following are examples of some of these harmful traditional practices.
1. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)/ Female Circumcision
2. Child Marriage
3. Female Spouse Sharing
4. Son Preference
5. Polygamy
6. Violence against Women
7. Scarification
8. Tribal Marks
9. Circumcision of Young Boys.
10. Maltreatment of widows
11. Superstition

1. FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM): Female genital mutilation (FGM), or female circumcision, involves surgical removal of parts or all of the most sensitive female genital organs. FGM is performed on infants as young as a few days old, on children from 7-10 years old and on adolescents.


2. CHILD MARRIAGE: Early marriage is another serious problem which some girls face in some African communities. The practice of given away girls to marriage at the age of 11, 12, or 13 after which they must start producing children. The principal reasons for this practice are the girls’ virginity and the bride price.

A very young girl being given in marriage to an elderly man

3. FEMALE SPOUSE SHARING: This is a common practice in some parts of Africa. The cultural function of this practice is to ensure that when the husband is away for a long time the woman is satisfied sexually to maximize fertility performance by a man from the same lineage.


4. SON PREFERENCE: Preference for male child is a powerful tradition rooted in inheritance practice and patriarchy. Male child is figuratively described as the “seat” of a woman in the matrimonial home among the Yoruba. This means that until a woman bears a male child she is still a visitor to the matrimonial home because the husband can marry another woman.


5. POLYGAMY: This is a situation whereby a man marries more than one wife and it is widely practice in Africa. Due to value of children, especially male, competition may ensue among co-wives.


6. VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: Violence against women is a technical term used to collectively refer to violent acts that are primarily or exclusively committed against women.


7. SCARIFICATION: This is permanent or semi-permanent deliberate altering of human body for non-medical reasons, such as: sexual enhancement, a rite of passage, aesthetic reasons, denoting affiliation, trust and loyalty, religious reasons, mystical affiliation and self expression.




8. TRIBAL MARKS: Many tribes in Nigeria identify themselves by certain forms of tribal marks made on the face using sharp objects such as knives. It was meant to assist the various tribes to identify their kinsmen in period of war.


9. CIRCUMCISION OF YOUNG BOYS: Circumcision of boys between the age of six to ten years is practiced among some tribes. These boys are made to bear untold pain before they heal-up.


10. MALTREATMENT OF WIDOWS: A widow is a woman whose husband has died. In some cultures, the woman’s head is shaved clean immediately the husband dies. Sometimes, the woman is not allowed to have her bath until seven days after the husband burial. In some culture the water that is used in bathing the dead husband’s corpse is given to the widow to drink. These practices bring negative value to the society.


11. SUPERSTITION: This is the belief in luck, ill-luck, magic, witchcraft, reincarnation, appeasing of gods, sorcery and divination.


EVALUATION
1. What is harmful traditional practice?
2. Mention and explain 4 types of harmful traditional practices.




LESSON 9
CONSEQUENCES OF HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES.
1. SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES: Apart from the fact that facial tribal marks unnecessary marked out those who have them, many children find it difficult to associate with their peers because it might disfigure the individual if not properly handled since he or she could no longer carry the natural look.

2. WICKED WIDOWHOOD PRACTICE can cause conflict between families. The family of the widow may go against the practices of the deceased and this will create conflict between the two families.

3. ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES: Harmful traditional practices such as child abuse may cause loss of man power in the society. Children who were not given the right type of education would later turn to liabilities to themselves and other people in the society.

4. PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES: This practice cause both physical and emotional pain. For example, when a woman is given out to a man she did not love; she suffers physical trauma and psychological problems.

5. PHYSICAL CONSEQUENCES: Physical consequences are part of harmful traditional practice. When you ask a young girl of between the age of 11 and 18 to get married, she does not yet have the body that can carry pregnancy or mature passage for safe and easy delivery.


EVALUATION
In your own words explain the following: (i) Economic consequences and (ii) Physical consequences of harmful traditional practice.






LESSON 10
MEASURES OF PREVENTING HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES
There are measures which can be adopted in order to prevent harmful traditional practices. Among these are:
1. PUBLIC ENLIGHTENMENT: The media such as the radio, television and newspaper could be used also organizing seminars, workshops and conferences could be used to create public awareness on the effects of these traditional practices.

2. EDUCATION: Government on its part should make education available and affordable most especially at village levels. An educated populace will avoid such harmful and outdated customs and belief that do not add value to the society.

3. ADVOCACY: The non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the government officials, community leaders and various groups should help to support the eradication of such practice.

4. LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES: The law enforcement agencies should be empowered to enforce the law on defaulter.

5. LEGISLATION: Government should enact laws prohibiting harmful traditional practice.


EVALUATION
1. Mention 3 measures of preventing harmful traditional practice.
2. State 2 ways by which the NGOs can assist to curb these practices.

READING ASSIGNMENT: - Read chapter 1 of Macmillan JSS Social studies Book 3 by M. A Orebanjo et al pages 22-30.

ASSIGNMENT:
Objective Test:
1. Harmful traditional practices are those cultural practices which are ________ (a) Harmless to the victims and the society. (b) Harmful to the victims and the society.(c) Gainful to the government and the society (d) Harmless to the government and the society.
2. The following are harmful traditional practices except (a) Childhood marriage (b) Genital mutilation (c) Marriage ceremonies (d) Wife inheritance
3. Which pair is most harmful to young girls? (a) Widows maltreatment and taboo (b) Inheritance and forced marriage (c) Superstition and witchcraft (d) Genital mutilation and force marriage.
4. One is not a consequence of harmful traditional practices. (a) Economic consequence (b) Political consequence (c) Physical consequence (d) Psychological consequence
5. The customs, beliefs and way of life of the people which are capable of causing physical or psychological pain to people is called _________ (a) Civilization (b) Socialization (c) Harmful traditional practice (d) Social problems

Essay Test:
1. List 5 possible solutions to harmful traditional practice.
2. What is population?

LESSON 11
TOPIC: POPULATION
CONTENT: (1) Meaning of population. Basic unit of population – Family,
Community.
(2) Factors in securing population growth.
(3) Population control.

MEANING OF POPULATION and BASIC UNIT OF POPULATION
Population can be defined as the total number of people living in a particular territory. This territory could be a village, town, city, local government area, state, country, region or the world at large.

BASIC UNIT OF POPULATION
The basic units of population are the family and community.
THE FAMILY: A family is define as a group of people closely related by blood, marriage, adoption or other form of relationship people agree upon. It is the smallest unit of the society. Through the family, children are added to the society and thereby the increase in the society’s population. There are two basic types of families namely:
i. The nuclear family and
ii. The extended family.

i. THE NUCLEAR FAMILY: A nuclear family is made up of a man, his wife/wives and their children. It is also known as a simple or immediate family.



ii. THE EXTENDED FAMILY: The extended family is made up of the nuclear family and the members of the families of the father and the mother. This type of family is very common in Africa.


1. COMMUNITY: A community can be described as a group of people (or many group of people) living together in an area. They share common environment, resources, values and aspiration. Community can exist as a village, town, hamlet, city, country or continent.


EVALUATION
1. What is population?
2. Mention the 2 basic unit of population.
3. Define the following: (i) Family (ii) Community.






LESSON 12
FACTORS IN SECURING POPULATION GROWTH
Typically, the natural growth of a population depends on the number of birth and death. Other factors can also contribute to securing population growth of a territory. We shall consider six of these factors namely:
1. Advance technology
2. Economic factors
3. Presence of social amenities and infrastructure
4. Favourable climate and physical condition
5. Security.

1. ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY: On the one hand, when there is technological advancement, better working materials are produced for farmers and artisans. This will make people to migrate to such places.

2. ECONOMIC FACTORS: Economics factors such as employment opportunities, fertile soil and presence of solid mineral naturally increases population growth as people in quest of greener pasture find their ways to such economic potent area leaving the unproductive areas deserted.

3. FAVOURABLE CLIMATE AND PHYSICAL CONDITION: There will be population growth in places where the environment and the climatic condition is conducive and habitable for people.

4. SECURITY: A place where people cannot sleep with their two eyes closed will hardly be populated but where there is security of life and property, people tend to increase in such areas.

5. PRESENCE OF SOCIAL AMENITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE: Good medical care facilities, pipe borne water, schools, electricity, good roads and other social amenities are inviting factors to an area.


EVALUATION
Mention 5 factors in securing population growth and explain any 2 of the five mentioned.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uwjqNA ... sp=sharing






LESSON 13
POPULATION CONTROL
When the factors that influence population size are not checked, the population will grow beyond the society’s available resources. Therefore, to control it however, these measures should be taken.

1. FAMILY PLANNING/ BIRTH CONTROL: There are many family planning measures that are designed to control population growth. Examples, child spacing, abstaining from sexual intercourse, the use of contraceptives to prevent pregnancy, using condom when having sexual relationship etc.

2. EDUCATION: Education brings enlightenment. People are able to understand the consequences of overpopulation when they are educated.

3. GOVERNMENT LEGISLATION: Government should make laws preventing people from having more than a particular number of children.

4. Discouraging early marriage and encouraging monogamy.

5. Provision of basic amenities in rural areas.

6. LATE MARRIAGE: There should be fixed law that will make people to marry at the age when there will be less chance of giving birth to many children.


EVALUATION
Mention 5 measures of controlling population rate of a country, and explain briefly 2 of the measures you have mentioned.

https://www.slideshare.net/ayushgaur5/p ... on-control


READING ASSIGNMENT: - Read chapter 4 of Macmillan JSS Social studies Book 3 by M. A Orebanjo etal pages 17-19.

ASSIGNMENT:
Objective Test:
1. __________ is the total number of human beings in a given area over a particular time. (a) Population (b) Over population (c) Census (d) Family
2. A group of people related by blood, marriage or adoption is called ___________ (a) Community (b) Country (c) Family (d) Group
3. ________ are the two basic types of family. (a) Nuclear and Extended Family (b) Exotic and Nuclear Family (c) Biological and Geographical Family (d) Compound and Village Family
4. The two basic units of population are _________ and __________ (a) Life and Death (b) Parents and Children (c) Over population and Optimum population (d) Family and Community.
5. In a country where family planning is taken seriously, (a) The population will explode (b) The population will be manageable (c) The population will be sparse (d) The population will be mixed.

Essay Test:
1. What is family life education?
2. Mention 3 factors that cause population change in a place.

LESSON 14
TOPIC: FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION (FLE)
CONTENT
1. Meaning of family life education
2. Population and resources available, customs, values and beliefs and traditional gender issues and core messages (family size and family welfare)
3. Family size and consequences
4. Census problems in Nigeria

MEANING FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION:
Family life education is the education that is given to prepare individuals for their adult life. The purpose is to prepare individuals for choosing the right partner, living together peacefully in marriage and being good parents.
Family life education could also be defined as the education system which provides for a study of the population situation in a family, the community, the nation and the world with the purpose of developing in the citizen a more rational attitude and reasonable behavior towards improving the quality of their live, now and in the future (NERDC 1983)


CORE MESSAGES IN POPULATION/FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION
1. POPULATION: The Nigerian population is increasing geometrically (i.e. at alarming rate), while the available resources and social amenities are growing arithmetically (at a very slow rate). Therefore, Nigerians need to be sensitized about this issue. A time would come in the future when the available natural resources such as water, land, forest and even man-made resources like house, social infrastructure might not be adequate. Hence, the youth should know that they are in a better position to control the population explosion by having small family size when they get married.

2. RESOURCES AVAILABLE: The resources available could be man-made e.g. buildings, roads, dams, etc, or natural resources like crude oil, limestone, coal, tin, etc should be well managed to improve the standard of living of people resident in a country and the family in particular. But if these resources are not properly managed and maintained, then it would have negative effects on the people and nation at large.

3. CUSTOMS, VALUES AND BELIEFS: Nigeria is made up of diverse ethnic groups and there is need for us to understand the customs and beliefs of other ethnic groups. This will make us live in unity.

4. GENDER ISSUES: Children, regardless of their sex should be given equal treatment; son preference should not be allowed in the family. The female children should be given quality education and should be allowed to excel in their preferred career.

5. FAMILY SIZE: The size of a family determines to a large extent, the kind of standard of living. A small family usually maintains a good and quality standard of living because they can afford good shelter, clothing, quality education and good food. But when there are more mouth to feed, then their standard of living is reduced.

6. FAMILY WELFARE: For the family to have maximum comfort and enjoy all the basic necessities of life, the family size is should be small. Small family size guarantees good family welfare.

Evaluation:
1. What is family life education
2. Mention the six core messages of family life education

https://www.slideshare.net/dyutirajagir ... a-sequeira






LESSON 15
FAMILY SIZE AND CONSEQUENCES
1. The size of a family determines the kind of life they would live. A large family might not be able to provide the basic needs. But a small family is able to provide good and quality standard of living.

2. Child spacing, if encouraged, reduces family size and this also affects growth rate of population

3. The size of a family determines the growth rate of the family. If families are growing anyhow, the population of the country will explode and when there is over population, the available resources may not go round or may soon be exhausted if they are natural resources


Large Family




CENSUS PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA
1. HIGH COST: A credible population census requires a lot of money (particularly in dense country like Nigeria) to employ personnel to go into every part of the country. Due to the financial involvement, census exercise is carried out every ten years in Nigeria to enable government meet the financial involvement

2. LEVEL OF LITERACY: As a result of low level of literacy and high level of illiteracy, many people do not co-operate with the census officials, most people give false information and data which eventually will lead to inaccurate and unreliable census figures. Most of these illiterate do this because of the fear of being heavily taxed by the government after the exercise.

3. INFLATION OF FIGURE: Due to the awareness that government uses the census figure for planning and allocation or distribution of amenities, people in some communities give false information by inflating the census figure.

4. INACCESSIBILITY OF SOME AREAS IN NIGERIA: Hilly and riverside areas are usually not accessible by census officials, thereby making it impossible for people living in such areas to be counted.

5. SHORTAGE OF TRAINED CENSUS PERSONNEL: Inadequate skilled and professional demographers and vital statistics officials to handle census exercise, most time leads to inaccurate figures, as the government most times hurriedly train corps members and teachers, who cannot be as efficient as professionals. Most times these staffs give incorrect census figures because they are unskilled.

6. RELIGIOUS BELIEFS: Many rural dwellers believe that counting their children will bring some calamities in the form of death, infertility etc. on them. Hence the disallowed or do everything possible to stop the enumerators from counting them.

7. TRANSPORTATION: In Nigeria there are some communities that are not motor able, therefore enumerators may not be able to reach such places to count them.

8. COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS: Most times, people are posted to places outside their ethnic group; as a result of this the person may not be able to communicate with the people who can only speak their language.

2006 Nigerian Population

Evaluation:
1. Explain two family size and consequences
2. List and discuss five problems of census

Reading Assignment:
Students should read their textbooks on the meaning of family life education (FLE), core messages, family size and consequences, census problems in Nigeria etc.

Assignment:
Objective Test:
1. All children regardless of their sex should be given equal right to education best describe………..
(a) Family welfare (b) gender issues (c) family size
2. One of the consequences of family size is that-----
(a) Child spacing affects population growth (b) the size of a family does not determine the standard of living (c) population growth is equal to available resources
3. One of the following is not a census problem in Nigeria
(a) Population (b) transportation (c) religious beliefs

Essay Test:
1. Define family life education
2. Discuss four census problems in Nigeria

LESSON 16
TOPIC: PEACE
CONTENT:
1. Meaning of peace and Types of peace
2. Importance of peace
3. Ways of promoting peace


MEANING AND TYPES OF PEACE
MEANING OF PEACE:
Peace is a state of friendliness that is devoid of anger, absence of war or violence. It is a state of calm or quietness, living in friendship. Peace is also a quality of living together in friendship and harmony with people without argument or violence.
Peace is a value that promotes social interaction, co-operation progress and unity among members of the same society.


TYPES OF PEACE
Basically there are two types of peace; they are:
1. Positive peace and
2. Negative/uneasy peace


1. POSITIVE PEACE: This is when all conflicts have been resolve through dialogue, the two parties are made to meet each others’ quiet and peaceful resolution; the two parties are then satisfied. There is no feeling of anger any more, no distrust and everyone is peacefully interacting with each other. Positive peace can also be referred to as social peace.


2. NEGATIVE/UNEASY PEACE: This is when peace is achieved by using force on both parties involved in a conflict. This is usually not a permanent peace, as there will still be grudges and distrust, but all acts of violence have stopped. That is to say that, there will still be uneasiness despite the assumed peace. A typical example is the EZILLO and EZZA conflict in Ebonyi states


IMPORTANCE OF PEACE
Peace is a very vital virtue any person, group or society should embrace for progress to be made in all areas of life. Hence, the following are importance of peace;
1. Peace ensures growth, meaningful living and advancement in any society
2. Peace helps to promote harmony and progress
3. Peace enhances population growth
4. Peace helps to promote tolerance and happiness. Working together help people to develop the spirit of oneness
5. Peace ensures group solidarity and security
6. Peace frees the individual and society at large from anxiety and insecurity
7. Peace inculcates the spirit of hard work. For instance, when people work together without grudge, they develop a team spirit. Team spirit and hard work leads to harmony and national development
8. When there is no peace, educational, political, economical and social activities are disrupted
9. Peace create a good and an enabling environment for people to be creative and productive
10. Peace promotes unity and understanding among members of the society


Evaluation:
1. What is peace?
2. Describe negative/uneasy peace
3. Mention five importance of peace





LESSON 17
WAYS OF PROMOTING PEACE
The following are the ways peace can be promoted in our society
1. Tolerance, 2. Social justice, 3. Human right

1. TOLERANCE: People must learn to bear with others in their shortcomings. This is to say that they must learn to understand their behaviours, needs or customs and try to keep calm when they are provoked or annoyed; refused to be drawn into any fight, disorder or conflict, just to ensure peace.


2. SOCIAL JUSTICE: Irrespective of one’s ethnic group, social or economic background; in meting out justice, there must be equity. Treat people the way you would like to be treated. When there is justice and fair play in a society, peace can be achieved and sustained.

3. HUMAN RIGHT: Everybody have equal right to justice, equity and fair play, therefore every ones right must be respected notwithstanding the social status, ethnic origin or tribe.

https://www.slideshare.net/phxazlaura/5 ... e-16736134

Evaluation:
1. Mention three ways of promoting peace
2. Explain two ways of promoting peace

Reading Assignment:
Students should read their textbooks on peace, types of peace, importance of peace and ways of promoting peace.

Assignment:
Objective Test:
1. All conflicts are resolved through dialogue…. This is an example of -------------------------
(a) Abstract peace (b) Negative peace (c) Positive peace
2. How can one tolerate others?
(a) By retaliation (b) By overlooking their short comings (c) By reporting them to an educator
3. One of the following is not a way of promoting peace
(a) Human right (b) Anti-social justice (c) tolerance

Essay Test:
1. What makes peace important in any given society
2. Describe two ways of promoting peace

LESSON 18
TOPIC: CONFLICT
CONTENT:
1. Meaning of conflict
2. Examples of conflict:- (i) inter-personal misunderstanding (ii) intra-national/inter-ethnic conflict (iii) communal/intra-ethnic conflict


MEANING OF CONFLICT
Conflict is the breakdown of harmonious relationship, arising from clash of interest. Conflict can also be defined as a misunderstanding or disagreement between two or more people. Conflict therefore could be seen as the absence of peace.
Conflicts arise as people interact in their families, workplace, offices, social clubs, communities and countries.
As a nation Nigeria has witnessed a lot of conflicts. For instance, the war between 1967 and 1970 seriously threatened the existence of Nigeria as a Nation. Other past conflicts in Nigeria includes; students riots, inter-tribal wars, religious riot particularly in the north, workers strike and protest, electoral protest leading to burning of valuable properties and destruction of lives.


TYPES OF CONFLICT
There are two types of conflicts; which are;
1. Non-violent or peaceful conflict and
2. Violent conflict

NON-VIOLENT OR PEACEFUL CONFLICT: This is disagreement or conflict that does not involve the use of force; but sometimes, it is based on certain rules and regulations; for instance, when a group of workers and their employers disagrees over salaries, a trade dispute is said to exist between the workers and management; also during sports competitions. This type of conflict also exists in the form of competitions, e.g. school debate, peaceful demonstration by students of higher institutions of learning etc.


Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. a typical example of a non violent conflict

VIOLENT CONFLICT: A conflict is said to be violent when it is not settled peacefully, but with force and usually it leads to war, e.g. the 1967 civil war in Nigeria.
In violent conflict, properties are destroyed and people are displaced, injured or killed in certain instances.


Examples of violent conflict

Evaluation:
1. Define the term conflict
2. Differentiate between violent and non-violent conflicts
3. Give an example each of violent and non-violent conflicts





LESSON 19
EXAMPLES OF CONFLICTS
1. Inter-personal misunderstanding
2. Intra-national/inter-ethnic conflicts
3. Communal/intra-ethnic conflicts

INTER-PERSONAL MISUNDERSTANDING: This conflict involves two persons or individuals. It usually occurs as a result of misunderstanding between two persons. If this conflict is within an individual, it is then called intra-personal conflict; and this happen when an individual takes a wrong decision or make a wrong choice.


INTRA-NATIONAL/INTER-ETHNIC CONFLICT: This is a type of conflict that takes place within a nation, between two different ethnic groups. Typical examples Nigeria includes; Urhobo/Itsekiri and Izon conflicts, Kataf and Hausa conflict, Yoruba and Hausa conflict, Hausa and Igbo conflict, Yoruba and Itsekiri conflict etc.
https://www.slideshare.net/andreamalji/ ... ct-correct

COMMUNAL/INTRA-ETHNIC CONFLICT: This is when two communities of the same ethnic group have conflict. Examples in Nigeria are; Ife and madakeke conflict, Aguleri and Umuleri or Ezza and Ezzillo conflicts.
https://www.slideshare.net/purplelika/c ... ict-latest

Evaluation:
1. Mention and explain the three examples of conflicts, sitting some instances in each example.
Reading Assignment:
1. Macmillan Jss social studies book 3.By: Orebanjo, Osokoya, Acholonu, Ayodele, Taiwo, Ibrahim, and Fumilayo; pages 23,24

Assignment:
Objective Test:
1. -------------- is a situation in which people are involve in a serious disagreement
(a) Fighting (b) Riot (c) Conflict
2. The type of conflict where physical force is being used with the intention to kill and destroy properties is known as-------------- conflict
(a) Peaceful (b) Riot (c) violent
3. Which type of conflict is characterized by anger but does not involve the use of force
(a) Violent conflict (b) Peaceful conflict (c) traditional conflict
4. When conflict exist within an individual, it is known as ----------------
(a) Personal conflict (b) Intra-personal conflict (c) Intra-personal conflict

Essay Test:
1. Explain briefly violent and non-violent conflict
2. Discuss the differences that exist between; i. inter-personal misunderstanding, ii. Intra-national/inter-ethnic conflict and iii. Communal/intra-ethnic conflict





LESSON 20
TOPIC: CONFLICT: cont.
Content
1. Causes and consequences of conflict
2. Conflict management and resolution

CAUSES OF CONFLICT
Conflict could be caused in the following ways:

1. SELFISHNESS: Selfishness often goes with cheating. This will normally generate conflict because the person cheated will negatively react to claim what belongs to him.

2. RESOURCES: when individuals or group compete for resources such as money, materials etc. usually, it result to conflict.

3. LACK OF CO-OPERATION: when people fail to work together as a team, it eventually leads to disagreement, misunderstanding and division

4. TERRITORY: when people or groups of people are competing over a particular boundary to their land, it brings about conflict.

5. LACK OF RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE: conflict arises where religious groups cannot tolerate one another. Argue and fight over which religion is the best with the tendency to impose a particular religion on everybody, this has created so much conflict in Nigeria.

6. VALUE BASED CONFLICT: This in other word could be seen as conflict involving values; it is based on what a person believes in. individuals may be involve in conflict over values, defending their position strongly. Such values includes; transparency, honesty, fairness, equity etc.

7. COMMUNICATION GAP: When needed information is not supplied at the right time or received through wrong channels, conflict may arise.

8. BAD LEADERSHIP: when leaders are greedy, selfish and insensitive to people’s plight and suffering. The people eventually will revolt through violent protest to show their displeasure. As a matter of fact, it has been the reason for many students’ riot in Nigeria particularly during the military regime.

9. LAZINESS AND INEFFICIENCY: If laziness and inefficiency are noticed in some people in a group, the deli gent and hardworking once will begins to protest, especially when they receive the same pay package and also when the lazy ones receives promotion or recognition than the hardworking once.

10. CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES: Criminal acts such as fraud, kidnapping, rape, immorality, murder etc. will definitely cause serious conflict in the society.

11. Conflicts also can arise in groups, association and between groups as a result of difference in opinion

12. The absence of mutual trust and understanding among people brings about
conflict
13. Conflict also arise when someone or people neglect their roles or duties.


CONSEQUENCES OF CONFLICT
The following are consequences of conflict
1. Conflict leads to war and anarchy
2. Conflict result in breakdown of law and order, thereby encourages chaos in the society
3. Conflict leads to decrease in productivity and economic depression
4. Conflict also leads to inefficiency and laziness
5. Conflict leads to division and separation
6. It also leads to emotional and mental disturbance
7. It brings about unhealthy political rivalry
8. It result in disunity
9. Conflict retard development and progress
10. It can lead to riot and loss of lives and property
11. Conflict often leads to confusion, insecurity, anxiety and unhappiness
12. Conflict brings about lack of peace and harmony
13. Conflict makes it difficult for people to achieve a common objective
14. Conflict brings about disaffection and hatred among members of the same group or association.



Evaluation:
1. List 9 causes of conflict
2. Discuss on 7 causes of conflict

LESSON 21
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Conflict can be managed and resolves in the following ways:
1. DIALOGUE/NEGOTIATION: This has to do with the two parties involve in the conflict coming together, using dialogue to facilitate the settlement. This negotiation could be made through the representatives of both parties. At the end, a consensus is reached.


2. COMPROMISE: Here both parties give on the matter that brings about conflict, strike a balance, hence the matter will end up with “no victory, no vanquish” i.e no winner or loser.

3. MEDIATION: Here a third party act as a peacemaker between the two opposite to bring about peace. For instance conflicts between two countries are usually mediated by the United Nation Organization (UNO). Besides, African Union (AU) mediates in conflict between members. The mediator will talk to the parties and appeal to their conscience for resolution



U.N Peace Keeping

4. LITIGATION /THROUGH THE LAW COURT: This method is usually used as the final resort, when all other method of resolution had fail; then the two parties will resort to settle their differences in the law court.
Here both parties will employ lawyers who will present their case in the court; thereafter the final judgment will be given by the judge

5. THROUGH FAMILIES OR VILLAGE HEADS: Conflicts or misunderstanding within family is usually settled by the family head. Where it involves two or more families, the village head eventually will be the one to resolve the conflict


6. AVOIDANCE: When a party recognizes that conflict exist it may react by withdrawing or suppressing the conflict.

Evaluation:
1. Mention 10 consequences of conflict
2. Explain 4 ways conflict can be managed and resolve

Assignment:
Objective Test:
1. _______ will normally generate conflict because the person cheated will react negatively to claim what belongs to him (a) cheating (b) selfishness (c) intolerance
2. Which one of the following is not a consequence of conflict? (a) Lawlessness (b) satisfaction (c) loss of lives and properties
3. Greed, selfishness and insensitive to people’s plight and suffering is an example of a_________
(a) Criminal activities (b) bad leadership (c) lack of religious tolerance
4. Which of this organization mediate on conflict between members?
(a) U.N.O (b) A.U (c) E.U

Essay Test:
1. List and explain three methods of conflict management and resolution
2. Write a short note on how you can manage and resolve conflict between two or more students in your school.




LESSON 22
MAIN TOPIC: DECISION MAKING.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: IMPORTANCE OF DECISION MAKING.
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS:
Simplified Social Studies For JSS, by Ogunwale A.,
Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. mention ways to make decisions.
2. list the importance of decision making.

CONTENTS:
HOW DO WE MAKE DECISION.

1 Decision making can be by letting other people make it for us, most especially when one is in dilemma.

2. By jumping into one quickly without thinking.

3. It can be by postponing an idea or by putting it off.

4. By evaluating all choices and then decide.



IMPORTANCE OF DECISION MAKING.
1. It helps us to identify our values.

2. It helps in goal setting.

3. It can minimize our mistakes.

4. It builds self- esteem if the decision is good.

5. It allows us to take responsibility for our action.


EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK::
1. list the ways by which decision an be made.
2. Explain the importance of decision making to man.





LESSON 23
MAIN TOPIC: DECISION MAKING.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: DECISION MAKING MODELS.
REFERENCE BOOKS: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al.
Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to list and explain the decision models.

CONTENTS:
DECISION MAKING MODELS.

1. Define the problems.

2. We need to gather information.

3. Consider all the possible consequences.

4. Consider family and personal values.

5. Consider how your decision will affect others.

6. The best option must be taken.

7. Implement your decision.

8. Evaluate what you've done.




EVALUATION/CLASSWORK:
List the decision models you know and explain them.

HOME WORK/ ASSIGNMENT:
List five reasons that make you decide to be in your present school.

further studies
https://www.slideshare.net/FawadHussain ... -chapter-6

LESSON 24
MAIN TOPIC: ORIGIN OF MAN.
SPECIFIC TOPIC: MYTHS AND LEGENDS.
REFERENCE BOOK: Social Studies for Nigerian JSS Book 1, by Remi E. Aiyede Et al. Basic Social Studies for Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et al. Simplified Social Studies for JSS by Ogunwale A.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. define human beings.
2. narrate some myths and legends.

CONTENTS:
ORIGIN OF MAN.

A human being is both a biological and cultural being. He or She is a mammal and belong to the animal kingdom. Human beings have developed culture as a means of living in their society and of adapting to, and exploiting their environments.
There are three main ways of explaining the origin of human beings. These ways are
1. Myths and legends.
2. Scientific (Evolution) version
3. Religious beliefs.

RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
Many people believe the religious version of the origin of man. Both the Holy Quran and the Holy Bible agree that God created Adam, the first man and Eve (his wife). According to the Holy Bible in the book of Genesis 1. Verse 26.He created Adam in His own image and gave him dominion over all other creatures so also is The Holy Quran.
The African traditional religion also said that a supernatural being (God) created man and put him in the world. He also created other lesser gods who serve as His servant. These lesser gods later departed to heavens and become intermediaries between man and God.


EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. What are human beings?
2. Explain the myths and legends of the Yorubas and Tivs.

https://youtu.be/11hJal7qAtU





LESSON 25
MYTHS AND LEGENDS.
REFERENCE BOOK MATERIALS: Simplified Social Studies For JSS, by Ogunwale A., Basic Social Studies For Nigeria Secondary Schools by Anikpo et.al.

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. explain the meaning of myths and legends
2. list some of the myths and legends in the world.

CONTENTS:
MYTHS AND LEGENDS.
Myths means the ancient stories about what has happened in the past as handed down from generation to generation by words of mouth.
Legends means the stories of the past heroes and heroines who have made a landmark in their communities. However, every society has local stories about the creation of man and world.

THE LEGEND OF THE YORUBAS
The Yoruba people call God in various names like Olorun (the owner of heaven, Eleda (the creator), Olodumare e.t.c. They also believe that life started from Ile-Ife. According to the legend, Olodumare and Obatala also known as Orisa nla to create the earth.
Olodumare also gave Orisa nla some materials from which he was to create the earth. The materials include a snail shell full of sand, a palm fruit and a chicken with five toes.
On his way, Orisa nla attended a party, got drunk and slept off. Then Oduduwa his younger brother collected the materials and took over the assignment. He threw the sand in the snail shell into the water that covered the whole world and allowed the chicken to spread it all over the world. That was how the earth was created.
When Orisa nla woke up, he was very angry with Oduduwa who had then become the ruler over the earth he created. Olodumare then gave Orisa nla another power to create human beings. Thus, Orisa nla became the creator of man while Oduduwa became the king of Ife Ooye (the origin)

EVALUATION/ CLASSWORK:
1. What is myth and legend?
2. Explain the myths of the Greeks and the Chinese.


https://youtu.be/a-wlwq2lPl0