1ST TERM

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TOPIC: HOME TRADE
CONTENT: 1. Factors to be considered in setting up a retail trade.
2. Small Scale retailers
3. Reasons for survival of small scale retailers
SUB TOPIC 1: FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN SETTING UP A RETAIL TRADE.
1. Capital: This is a very important factor that must be put into consideration before setting up a retail trade. The amount of capital will determine the size of the business.
2. Price policy: The retailer must put into consideration the selling price of the product. The best price policy must be determined.
3. Source of supply: The retailer must determine the source of supply so as to maintain constant supply.
4. Type of goods: He must consider what he wants to sell. He should prepare his mind on the type of goods to be sold.
5. Experience: The retailer must have acquired some skills on the field he wants to operate e.g electronics business, provision etc.
6. Advertising: He must also look at the best medium of advertising his products.
7. Location of the business: The place a business is sited is very important, the retailer have to consider the location where he wants to carry out his business.
EVALUATION
1. What are the factors to be considered in sitting a small retail shop
2. Give any five reasons why small scale retailing is common in Nigeria.
SUB TOPIC 2: SMALL SCALE RETAILING
Small scale retailing is retail trading with small coverage. Little Capital is needed in setting up this type of retail trade. They include;
1. Hawking/itinerant/peddling.
2. Mobile shops
3. Street or roadside trading
4. Market trader or stall holder
5. Unit stores/tied shop.
6. Small stores
7. Kiosks
HAWKING/ITINERANT/PEDDLING.
This is one of the small scale retail trades. In this form of trade, goods are conveyed from one place to another, either on head, by canoes or by charts. Hawking is the cheapest and most popular in Africa because it requires little capital.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HAWKING
1. It is a small scale retail business.
2. Goods such as food and wears are offered for sales.
3. It provides door to door selling.
4. Hawking requires small amount of capital to be set up.
5. Different types of goods are sold to consumers in small unit.
6. It involves movement of goods from one place to another on head with trays and wheelbarrows
7. The products are sold at relatively low prices.
8. They do not pay rent.
9. It involves low cost of advertising.
ADVANTAGES OF HAWKING
1. Small amount of capital is required to set it up.
2. It provides door to door services to consumers.
3. It provides people with the opportunity to be self employed.
4. Hawking covers more ground thereby increasing sales and profit.
5. Hawking is a form of adverting.
6. Products are sold at lower prices.
7. The running cost of the business is low.
DISADVANTAGES OF HAWKING
1. Hawkers are exposed to road accidents.
2. There are limitations to the quantity that can be carried.
3. It can disturb the flow of traffic.
4. Young hawkers are exposed to bad influences especially females who are exposed to rapists.
5. Hawking can also contribute to littering and refuse problems.
MOBILE SHOP
Mobile shops are small retail shops that are moved from one place to another in Motor vans, Lorries, wheelbarrows, bicycles, motor bike etc. A wide range of goods are arranged in them and moved from one place to the other. Mobile shops advertise their goods by ringing bell, playing music etc.
STREET OR ROADSIDE TRADING
Street or Roadside traders are those retail traders that display their wares along the roads, streets, school gates etc.
FEATURES OF STREET OR ROADSIDE TRADING
1. The traders have a particular place they stay to sell their wares.
2. They sell a wide range of goods.
3. They stay on busy roads.
4. They display their ware outside.
5. They sale at low prices.
MARKET TRADER OR STALL HOLDER
This is the type of retail trade that takes place in a particular location e.g constructed sheds. They have specific time for opening and closing.
FEATURES MARKET TRADER OR STALL HOLDER
1. They have stores in Market.
2. They have specific for opening and closing.
3. The stores are arranged according to what is been sold.
UNIT STORES/TIED SHOP
These are retail outlets that operate in urban areas and are located rented places or residence of the retailer. The customer can easily access the trader. Tied Shop is those who are into the sale of a particular product which is supplied by a producer.
SMALL STORES
This type of retail trade involves the sales of convenience goods in stores that are located in front of residential houses of the retailers. EVALUATION
1. State eight features of hawking.
2. Write short notes on the following;
(a) small store
(b) Mobile shops
(c) Tied shop
SUB-TOPIC:3 REASONS FOR THE SURVIVAL OF SMALL SCALE RETAILERS
Small scale retailers still exist despite the competition faced from larger form of retailer. The reasons include;
1. Capital :The amount of capital needed to set up a retail trade is small compared to a large scale business.
2. Decision making: It is very easy for a small scale retailer to make quick decision that will adopt to changing situation.
3. Combinning retail business with other work: A retail business can be combined with other job.
4. Low overhead cost:The cost of running a small scale business is low when compared to that of large scale business.
5. Family assistance: The retailer can easily get assistance of family members.
6. Personal relationship: Customers receive personal attention from the small scale retailers and this gives them an edge above the large scale retailers.
7. Sell in small units: Small scale retailers sell in smaller quantity to their customer as opposed to the large scale retailers.
8. No special requirement:
The small scale retailers need no special requirement to be set up.
9. Easy re location: A small scale retailer can easily move from one place to another.
DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY SMALL SCALE RETAILERS
1. Competition from multiple organisation.
2. They lack the expertise in terms of the functions of retailing.
3. Small scale retailers sometimes lack capital for investment and expansion.
4. The location of a business really matters. Some small scale retail business is not located in places where customers can exercise free choice over a wide range of goods.
EVALUATION
1. Explain five reasons why small scale retailers survive despite the dominance of large scale retail.
2. Mention some difficulties encountered by small scale retailers.
GENERAL EVALUATON
OBJECTIVE TEST
1. On which of the following should a small scale retailer place highest priority when choosing a business site?
a. customer accessibility
b. employee convenience
c. nearness to similar business
d. closeness to banks
2. Poor shop locations lead to
a. higher rents
b. increased profits
c. poor business image
d. lower sales
3. A small ,independent retailer can compete with large stores because
a. they can more easily obtain capital
b. their store is conveniently situated
c. they can buy in bulk
d they are able to advertise widely
4. The retailer with the most limited choice for customers is a
a. mobile shop
b. street trading
c. hawking
d. tied shops
5. All except one does not belong to the group
a. Departmental stores
b. Mobile shops
c. Hawking
d. Street trading

ESSAY QUESTIONS:
1. Explain five reasons why small scale retailers survive despite the dominance of large scale retail.
2(a) Describe any four features of multiple shop
(b) Give five reasons why small scale retailing is common in Nigeria.
3. Explain five ways in which the activities of hawkers constitute a disadvantage to the economy of Nigeria.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. Read Essential Commerce for Senior Secondary School by O.A.LONGE pages 23-25
2. Read Complete Commerce for Senior Secondary School by Alan Whitcomb and Adekoya Fatai Olusegun pages 26-28
3. Extension Modern commerce for Senior Secondary School by Bello A.A Echegile G.B Mohammed B.A pages 60-62
PRE – READING ASSIGNMENT
Read the topic on occupation, production, trade and types of trade.
WEEKEND ACTIVITY
Answer all the SSCE past questions on occupation, production, trade and types of trade
REFERENCE TEXTS
1. Extension modern Commerce for Senior Secondary School by Bello.A.A ,Echegile. G.B, Mohammed B.A
2. Complete Commerce for Senior Secondary School by Alan Whitcomb and Adekoya Fatai Olusegun
3. Essential Commerce for Senior Secondary School by O.A.LONGE
4.Comprehensive commerce for Senior Secondary School by Johnson Anyaele

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